{"id":"https://openalex.org/W365847116","doi":null,"title":"Assessment of Vitamin D Levels and Depression Among Adults in the United States","display_name":"Assessment of Vitamin D Levels and Depression Among Adults in the United States","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W365847116","mag":"365847116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-1362","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/362","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1362&context=dissertations","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1362&context=dissertations","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026961477","display_name":"Troy Jean-Luc Owens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Troy Jean-Luc Owens","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026961477"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d","display_name":"vitamin D","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-deficiency","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-levels","display_name":"vitamin D levels","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-moderators","display_name":"demographic moderators","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender","display_name":"gender","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-status","display_name":"smoking status","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marital-status","display_name":"marital status","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-belief-model","display_name":"Health Belief Model","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nhanes","display_name":"NHANES","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-supplementation","display_name":"vitamin D supplementation","score":0.7620000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6675452589988708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11920938","display_name":"Marital status","level":3,"score":0.6390678286552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.5826696157455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779874844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967281","display_name":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","level":3,"score":0.5427683591842651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4993267059326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.49440693855285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4849086403846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4245993196964264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.41115567088127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.31764018535614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.29541927576065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.25989606976509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-1362","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/362","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1362&context=dissertations","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:365847116","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1362&context=dissertations","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-1362","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/362","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1362&context=dissertations","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W365847116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W365847116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":120,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55127047","https://openalex.org/W130054925","https://openalex.org/W274973038","https://openalex.org/W1220174533","https://openalex.org/W1481794207","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1505741243","https://openalex.org/W1531229431","https://openalex.org/W1539550814","https://openalex.org/W1554601224","https://openalex.org/W1588094170","https://openalex.org/W1599965015","https://openalex.org/W1612899892","https://openalex.org/W1692864953","https://openalex.org/W1704472190","https://openalex.org/W1763178546","https://openalex.org/W1860447049","https://openalex.org/W1897274595","https://openalex.org/W1952582346","https://openalex.org/W1961990310","https://openalex.org/W1965235584","https://openalex.org/W1968397534","https://openalex.org/W1972613582","https://openalex.org/W1975634667","https://openalex.org/W1977275772","https://openalex.org/W1979851608","https://openalex.org/W1980130408","https://openalex.org/W1984598192","https://openalex.org/W1986859527","https://openalex.org/W1988006533","https://openalex.org/W1990248849","https://openalex.org/W1992284534","https://openalex.org/W1993326126","https://openalex.org/W1994680756","https://openalex.org/W1996454121","https://openalex.org/W1999429319","https://openalex.org/W2000811534","https://openalex.org/W2001167462","https://openalex.org/W2013255538","https://openalex.org/W2019986657","https://openalex.org/W2029826321","https://openalex.org/W2031683787","https://openalex.org/W2032288122","https://openalex.org/W2034427836","https://openalex.org/W2035934476","https://openalex.org/W2036841307","https://openalex.org/W2037565685","https://openalex.org/W2039179553","https://openalex.org/W2042635723","https://openalex.org/W2046955370","https://openalex.org/W2048724816","https://openalex.org/W2050144748","https://openalex.org/W2051716140","https://openalex.org/W2051747259","https://openalex.org/W2053851296","https://openalex.org/W2055086381","https://openalex.org/W2056152069","https://openalex.org/W2066338866","https://openalex.org/W2073428046","https://openalex.org/W2079470858","https://openalex.org/W2080814349","https://openalex.org/W2085832854","https://openalex.org/W2085841611","https://openalex.org/W2090964712","https://openalex.org/W2094419105","https://openalex.org/W2097789869","https://openalex.org/W2098256087","https://openalex.org/W2098584567","https://openalex.org/W2099665543","https://openalex.org/W2099689566","https://openalex.org/W2102635611","https://openalex.org/W2105433976","https://openalex.org/W2106494040","https://openalex.org/W2109123827","https://openalex.org/W2111970143","https://openalex.org/W2112948089","https://openalex.org/W2113580634","https://openalex.org/W2116573651","https://openalex.org/W2118540989","https://openalex.org/W2118826874","https://openalex.org/W2119123187","https://openalex.org/W2119603520","https://openalex.org/W2121080036","https://openalex.org/W2124070987","https://openalex.org/W2129006901","https://openalex.org/W2131771870","https://openalex.org/W2132322340","https://openalex.org/W2133817813","https://openalex.org/W2134740567","https://openalex.org/W2134859409","https://openalex.org/W2134874564","https://openalex.org/W2135665329","https://openalex.org/W2137932118","https://openalex.org/W2138328097","https://openalex.org/W2141976681","https://openalex.org/W2142150409","https://openalex.org/W2142502203","https://openalex.org/W2144014112","https://openalex.org/W2144942859","https://openalex.org/W2145731558","https://openalex.org/W2147735030","https://openalex.org/W2147832664","https://openalex.org/W2147860479","https://openalex.org/W2149699257","https://openalex.org/W2149977971","https://openalex.org/W2151955213","https://openalex.org/W2159846383","https://openalex.org/W2159969435","https://openalex.org/W2160475859","https://openalex.org/W2161941977","https://openalex.org/W2163122529","https://openalex.org/W2163507707","https://openalex.org/W2164305641","https://openalex.org/W2166265773","https://openalex.org/W2169071224","https://openalex.org/W2170684975","https://openalex.org/W2317060418","https://openalex.org/W2479268873","https://openalex.org/W2502366096","https://openalex.org/W2743254891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385188668","https://openalex.org/W7171712431","https://openalex.org/W4400148188","https://openalex.org/W4382727571","https://openalex.org/W7064158116","https://openalex.org/W7100432792","https://openalex.org/W4402788803","https://openalex.org/W2144942859","https://openalex.org/W3093704520","https://openalex.org/W2955318195"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vitamin":[0],"D":[1,8,67,144,178,194],"is":[2,40,52],"essential":[3],"to":[4,61,124,189,195,228],"optimizing":[5],"health;":[6],"vitamin":[7,66,143,177,193],"deficiency":[9],"(VDD)":[10],"can":[11],"increase":[12],"risk":[13],"of":[14,57,97,192],"hypertension,":[15],"cardiovascular":[16],"disease,":[17],"and":[18,45,69,71,105,146,180,221,238],"insulin":[19],"resistance.":[20],"VDD":[21,44,220],"occurs":[22],"when":[23],"individuals":[24,196],"do":[25],"not":[26,155,197,205],"receive":[27],"sufficient":[28],"oral":[29],"intake":[30,191],"or":[31,87,164,213],"obtain":[32],"adequate":[33],"sun":[34],"exposure.":[35],"Previous":[36],"researchers":[37,171],"indicated":[38,50],"there":[39,51],"a":[41,93,137,174,224],"relationship":[42,64,74,139,153],"between":[43,65,142,176,219],"depression,":[46,70],"while":[47],"others":[48],"have":[49],"no":[53],"relationship.":[54],"The":[55,109],"purpose":[56],"this":[58,73],"study":[59,91,168],"was":[60,92,113,122,140,154],"examine":[62],"the":[63,101,114,130,152,183,217,234],"levels":[68,145,179],"how":[72],"might":[75],"be":[76,206],"moderated":[77,134,156],"by":[78,157],"an":[79],"individual's":[80],"demographic":[81,158],"characteristics":[82,159],"(gender,":[83,160],"age,":[84,161,210],"smoking":[85,162,211],"status,":[86,163,212],"marital":[88,165,214],"status).":[89,166],"This":[90,167],"quantitative":[94],"data":[95,99],"analysis":[96,121],"archival":[98],"from":[100],"2005-2006":[102],"National":[103],"Health":[104,110],"Nutrition":[106],"Examination":[107],"Survey.":[108],"Belief":[111],"Model":[112],"theoretical":[115],"framework.":[116],"An":[117],"ex-post":[118],"facto":[119],"exploratory":[120],"used":[123],"test":[125],"2,623":[126],"adults":[127],"located":[128],"throughout":[129],"United":[131],"States.":[132],"Employing":[133],"multiple":[135],"regression,":[136],"significant":[138],"found":[141],"depression":[147,222],"(p.":[148],"<":[149],".001);":[150],"however,":[151],"supports":[169],"prior":[170],"who":[172],"affirmed":[173],"correlation":[175],"depression.":[181],"Given":[182],"definitive":[184],"findings,":[185],"practitioners":[186],"should":[187,204],"continue":[188],"recommend":[190],"meeting":[198],"recommended":[199],"daily":[200],"dosages,":[201],"but":[202],"recommendations":[203],"based":[207],"on":[208,226],"gender,":[209],"status.":[215],"Understanding":[216],"connection":[218],"provides":[223],"basis":[225],"which":[227],"foster":[229],"positive":[230],"social":[231],"change":[232],"at":[233],"individual,":[235],"family,":[236],"organizational,":[237],"societal":[239],"level.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}