{"id":"https://openalex.org/W36341701","doi":null,"title":"Studies of vehicular padding materials.","display_name":"Studies of vehicular padding materials.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W36341701","mag":"36341701","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11558079","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3217370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11558079","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11558079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3217370/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032571071","display_name":"Anthony Sances","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Sances","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomechanics Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomechanics Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069309746","display_name":"Fred H. Carlin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F H Carlin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010480910","display_name":"Brian Herbst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2009-7703","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2009-7703"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Herbst","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110198121","display_name":"Steve Forrest","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Forrest","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110542252","display_name":"Steven E. Meyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031156569","display_name":"A Khadilkar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Khadilkar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087484221","display_name":"Keith Friedman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3133-4113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3133-4113"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Friedman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069307607","display_name":"Jack Bish","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Bish","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2733,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54733238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11487","display_name":"Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11487","display_name":"Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14445","display_name":"Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupant-protection","display_name":"occupant protection","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-injury-criterion","display_name":"head injury criterion","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angular-acceleration","display_name":"angular acceleration","score":0.9580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165435473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509884","display_name":"Padding","level":2,"score":0.9306410551071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780446394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41055","display_name":"Forehead","level":2,"score":0.6896739602088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6876299977302551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16108499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713927","display_name":"Brush","level":2,"score":0.4545237123966217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190704821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186300","display_name":"Angular acceleration","level":3,"score":0.41488727927207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3409927189350128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3350873291492462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23715004324913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.21489974856376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17225563526153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14259561896324158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1399657428264618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11159053444862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.10270282626152039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10164636373519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001336","descriptor_name":"Automobiles","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016489","descriptor_name":"Head Injuries, Closed","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11558079","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11558079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3217370","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3217370/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:36341701","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11558079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3217370","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3217370/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":176,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250222705","https://openalex.org/W1491098724","https://openalex.org/W1502351498","https://openalex.org/W1516967302","https://openalex.org/W1599599357","https://openalex.org/W1693726973","https://openalex.org/W1730225885","https://openalex.org/W1790512472","https://openalex.org/W1857913039","https://openalex.org/W1858951213","https://openalex.org/W1892676049","https://openalex.org/W1965684711","https://openalex.org/W1966048352","https://openalex.org/W1967297552","https://openalex.org/W1970615407","https://openalex.org/W1973475629","https://openalex.org/W1977071806","https://openalex.org/W1981299511","https://openalex.org/W1982154293","https://openalex.org/W1988312531","https://openalex.org/W1990324871","https://openalex.org/W1994727135","https://openalex.org/W1995639150","https://openalex.org/W1999858993","https://openalex.org/W2002439310","https://openalex.org/W2004653458","https://openalex.org/W2007734087","https://openalex.org/W2018521827","https://openalex.org/W2018934174","https://openalex.org/W2023266467","https://openalex.org/W2026416225","https://openalex.org/W2028348805","https://openalex.org/W2029716289","https://openalex.org/W2031881865","https://openalex.org/W2035159137","https://openalex.org/W2037641132","https://openalex.org/W2037884671","https://openalex.org/W2039074801","https://openalex.org/W2040956055","https://openalex.org/W2042104262","https://openalex.org/W2047585125","https://openalex.org/W2053467665","https://openalex.org/W2055493561","https://openalex.org/W2057570350","https://openalex.org/W2060187317","https://openalex.org/W2066912011","https://openalex.org/W2071071826","https://openalex.org/W2072363405","https://openalex.org/W2074660285","https://openalex.org/W2075222089","https://openalex.org/W2076067447","https://openalex.org/W2076249643","https://openalex.org/W2078100044","https://openalex.org/W2080516517","https://openalex.org/W2081314063","https://openalex.org/W2083690523","https://openalex.org/W2086849741","https://openalex.org/W2090775946","https://openalex.org/W2091679527","https://openalex.org/W2095080658","https://openalex.org/W2097629000","https://openalex.org/W2099414981","https://openalex.org/W2102363294","https://openalex.org/W2106303891","https://openalex.org/W2109173010","https://openalex.org/W2112626879","https://openalex.org/W2126941515","https://openalex.org/W2130947532","https://openalex.org/W2132013014","https://openalex.org/W2133735153","https://openalex.org/W2135951818","https://openalex.org/W2139098719","https://openalex.org/W2140911690","https://openalex.org/W2142848133","https://openalex.org/W2144360223","https://openalex.org/W2147131180","https://openalex.org/W2147945290","https://openalex.org/W2148288437","https://openalex.org/W2151714071","https://openalex.org/W2152665766","https://openalex.org/W2157249157","https://openalex.org/W2160540559","https://openalex.org/W2162323478","https://openalex.org/W2164864226","https://openalex.org/W2165501843","https://openalex.org/W2168135427","https://openalex.org/W2177182531","https://openalex.org/W2188031078","https://openalex.org/W2192355284","https://openalex.org/W2214250135","https://openalex.org/W2254189829","https://openalex.org/W2259362606","https://openalex.org/W2264291046","https://openalex.org/W2298739605","https://openalex.org/W2325343063","https://openalex.org/W2326135105","https://openalex.org/W2399812192","https://openalex.org/W2408046535","https://openalex.org/W2409915472","https://openalex.org/W2436603700","https://openalex.org/W2440115681","https://openalex.org/W2479578422","https://openalex.org/W2494563947","https://openalex.org/W2501406491","https://openalex.org/W2528531867","https://openalex.org/W2556197715","https://openalex.org/W2561618679","https://openalex.org/W2579205465","https://openalex.org/W2724327356","https://openalex.org/W2736268390","https://openalex.org/W2738826362","https://openalex.org/W2744860591","https://openalex.org/W2749966834","https://openalex.org/W2756129707","https://openalex.org/W2759014980","https://openalex.org/W2766994638","https://openalex.org/W2785518335","https://openalex.org/W2789163838","https://openalex.org/W2791522297","https://openalex.org/W2793499234","https://openalex.org/W2796280039","https://openalex.org/W2796405349","https://openalex.org/W2806232585","https://openalex.org/W2884753144","https://openalex.org/W2890996992","https://openalex.org/W2891536052","https://openalex.org/W2894832399","https://openalex.org/W2901735163","https://openalex.org/W2905738514","https://openalex.org/W2909640706","https://openalex.org/W2916662174","https://openalex.org/W2917956841","https://openalex.org/W2919193315","https://openalex.org/W2919745492","https://openalex.org/W2932173663","https://openalex.org/W2949138414","https://openalex.org/W2950112441","https://openalex.org/W2951064470","https://openalex.org/W2953107900","https://openalex.org/W2969765706","https://openalex.org/W2970116983","https://openalex.org/W2977366166","https://openalex.org/W2981412624","https://openalex.org/W2981549736","https://openalex.org/W2988490574","https://openalex.org/W2994970057","https://openalex.org/W2997260781","https://openalex.org/W2998288169","https://openalex.org/W3003410727","https://openalex.org/W3011701296","https://openalex.org/W3014003525","https://openalex.org/W3014575722","https://openalex.org/W3020720483","https://openalex.org/W3042874137","https://openalex.org/W3046527953","https://openalex.org/W3048545088","https://openalex.org/W3094674137","https://openalex.org/W3096138759","https://openalex.org/W3097024470","https://openalex.org/W3136535136","https://openalex.org/W3138763719","https://openalex.org/W3168681189","https://openalex.org/W3171137929","https://openalex.org/W3175505674","https://openalex.org/W3184724709","https://openalex.org/W3184845837","https://openalex.org/W3197016880","https://openalex.org/W4205515039","https://openalex.org/W4206715845","https://openalex.org/W4225759792","https://openalex.org/W4230171037","https://openalex.org/W4280635948","https://openalex.org/W4297459059","https://openalex.org/W4299996237","https://openalex.org/W7007975653","https://openalex.org/W7033703296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2269166934","https://openalex.org/W2154715625","https://openalex.org/W3213519332","https://openalex.org/W562698254","https://openalex.org/W598005516","https://openalex.org/W4206324216","https://openalex.org/W2240748072","https://openalex.org/W2340199589","https://openalex.org/W2057390307","https://openalex.org/W2094610792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Federal":[1],"Motor":[2],"Vehicle":[3],"Safety":[4,22],"Standard":[5],"571.201":[6],"discusses":[7],"occupant":[8],"protection":[9],"with":[10,40,54],"interior":[11],"impacts":[12],"of":[13,68],"vehicles.":[14,33],"Rule":[15],"making":[16],"by":[17],"the":[18,64,69],"National":[19],"Highway":[20],"Traffic":[21],"Administration":[23],"(NHTSA)":[24],"has":[25],"identified":[26],"padding":[27,41],"for":[28],"potential":[29],"injury":[30,38],"reduction":[31],"in":[32,78],"In":[34],"these":[35],"studies,":[36],"head":[37,60,70],"mitigation":[39],"on":[42,63],"vehicular":[43],"roll":[44,94],"bars":[45,48,95],"and":[46,66,71,96],"brush":[47,97],"was":[49],"evaluated.":[50],"Studies":[51],"were":[52,88],"conducted":[53],"free":[55],"falling":[56],"Hybrid":[57],"50%":[58],"male":[59],"form":[61],"drops":[62],"forehead":[65],"side":[67],"a":[72],"5%":[73],"female":[74],"head.":[75],"Marked":[76],"reductions":[77],"angular":[79],"acceleration,":[80],"as":[81,83],"well":[82],"Head":[84],"Injury":[85],"Criterions":[86],"(HIC),":[87],"observed":[89],"when":[90],"compared":[91],"to":[92],"unpadded":[93],"bars.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}