{"id":"https://openalex.org/W36181267","doi":null,"title":"Single Pilot Commercial Operations A Study of the Technical Hurdles","display_name":"Single Pilot Commercial Operations A Study of the Technical Hurdles","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W36181267","mag":"36181267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"master thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018444927","display_name":"Alan Faber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan Faber","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018444927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crew-reduction","display_name":"crew reduction","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pilot-workload","display_name":"pilot workload","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-awareness","display_name":"situational awareness","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"automation","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-aerial-systems","display_name":"unmanned aerial systems","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flight-deck-design","display_name":"flight deck design","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-factors","display_name":"human factors","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarms","display_name":"false alarms","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780179797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345844","display_name":"Crew","level":2,"score":0.7416102290153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5417675375938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.5403788685798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30322324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194156","display_name":"Cockpit","level":2,"score":0.5307685732841492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.5087640881538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.504967987537384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4899581968784332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.47525689005851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.4729352295398712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.4329177737236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.43108218908309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4131515622138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3611130118370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3576143980026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2629797160625458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13072055578231812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"master thesis"},{"id":"mag:36181267","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d/datastream/OBJ/download","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:809ca182-ee8c-4214-b1ea-16441d70559d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"master thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7630462541","display_name":"Oxford - Immunology, Infection and Translational Medicine","funder_award_id":"203737","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000272946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"207537/Z/17/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W36181267.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W36181267.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86853962","https://openalex.org/W95465410","https://openalex.org/W187041169","https://openalex.org/W571410096","https://openalex.org/W584778073","https://openalex.org/W631728396","https://openalex.org/W640157503","https://openalex.org/W646108675","https://openalex.org/W656395683","https://openalex.org/W656459972","https://openalex.org/W1485073888","https://openalex.org/W1490384990","https://openalex.org/W1510126998","https://openalex.org/W1559622825","https://openalex.org/W1566295593","https://openalex.org/W1576144486","https://openalex.org/W1578264921","https://openalex.org/W1586726320","https://openalex.org/W1944676744","https://openalex.org/W1949755635","https://openalex.org/W1963875532","https://openalex.org/W1964143043","https://openalex.org/W1969277421","https://openalex.org/W1971365749","https://openalex.org/W1981039462","https://openalex.org/W1982010198","https://openalex.org/W1983318783","https://openalex.org/W1994200996","https://openalex.org/W1997996386","https://openalex.org/W1998622212","https://openalex.org/W2002894033","https://openalex.org/W2005496422","https://openalex.org/W2008653298","https://openalex.org/W2020828586","https://openalex.org/W2020917062","https://openalex.org/W2022218194","https://openalex.org/W2028707177","https://openalex.org/W2032779860","https://openalex.org/W2043515850","https://openalex.org/W2054474818","https://openalex.org/W2054886346","https://openalex.org/W2063874275","https://openalex.org/W2069699794","https://openalex.org/W2075648325","https://openalex.org/W2077708399","https://openalex.org/W2079799478","https://openalex.org/W2083247195","https://openalex.org/W2098740605","https://openalex.org/W2114012630","https://openalex.org/W2119374926","https://openalex.org/W2126358315","https://openalex.org/W2128178009","https://openalex.org/W2131339600","https://openalex.org/W2131496831","https://openalex.org/W2133394319","https://openalex.org/W2141943602","https://openalex.org/W2148781751","https://openalex.org/W2150440386","https://openalex.org/W2152905082","https://openalex.org/W2154007667","https://openalex.org/W2158479256","https://openalex.org/W2162394527","https://openalex.org/W2163937333","https://openalex.org/W2166185625","https://openalex.org/W2170630953","https://openalex.org/W2187433220","https://openalex.org/W2187897174","https://openalex.org/W2202709841","https://openalex.org/W2210372154","https://openalex.org/W2234071599","https://openalex.org/W2242607764","https://openalex.org/W2321879462","https://openalex.org/W2326691616","https://openalex.org/W2466612009","https://openalex.org/W2483512952","https://openalex.org/W2750588950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886839005","https://openalex.org/W7042862580","https://openalex.org/W2995032408","https://openalex.org/W4382584700","https://openalex.org/W2394607547","https://openalex.org/W6944588885","https://openalex.org/W2571096715","https://openalex.org/W4383612874","https://openalex.org/W3157094683","https://openalex.org/W4399656822"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"History":[0],"has":[1,250],"shown":[2],"that":[3,13,83,121],"a":[4,76,99,125,154,189,246],"larger":[5],"flight":[6,248],"crew":[7,57,95],"does":[8],"not":[9],"per":[10],"se":[11],"imply":[12],"aircraft":[14],"operations":[15],"will":[16],"be":[17,203],"safer.":[18],"The":[19,71,195],"goal":[20],"of":[21,41,49,101,118,132,161,175,188,206,224,241],"this":[22],"thesis":[23],"is":[24],"to":[25,30,63,69,127,140,198,202,238],"determine":[26],"the":[27,39,46,65,136,145,149,204,207,239],"technical":[28,67],"hurdles":[29,68],"Single":[31,178],"Pilot":[32,179],"Commercial":[33],"Operations":[34],"(SPCO).":[35],"Continued":[36],"technological":[37],"developments,":[38],"upsurge":[40],"commercial":[42,56],"Unmanned":[43],"Aerial":[44],"Systems,":[45],"non-negligible":[47],"cost":[48],"air":[50],"crews,":[51],"and":[52,87,109,169,192,230],"yet,":[53],"stagnation":[54],"in":[55,85,173,253],"reductions":[58],"since":[59],"1980":[60],"are":[61,234],"reasons":[62],"clarify":[64],"current":[66],"SPCO.":[70,128],"research":[72,131],"was":[73,81,115],"initiated":[74],"with":[75,148],"broad":[77],"literature":[78],"survey.":[79],"It":[80],"found":[82],"advances":[84],"technology":[86],"human":[88,167],"factors":[89],"understanding":[90],"have":[91],"made":[92],"each":[93,133],"historical":[94],"reduction":[96,126],"possible,":[97],"through":[98],"redistribution":[100],"tasks":[102,235],"across":[103],"(fewer)":[104],"humans,":[105],"automation,":[106],"supporting":[107],"infrastructure":[108],"accompanying":[110],"procedures.":[111],"An":[112],"exhaustive":[113],"list":[114],"then":[116],"formulated":[117],"all":[119],"issues":[120,256],"could":[122],"potentially":[123],"affect":[124],"Consequently,":[129],"in-depth":[130],"issue":[134],"determined":[135],"most":[137],"predominant":[138],"challenges":[139],"SPCO":[141,247],"are;":[142],"a.":[143],"providing":[144],"single":[146],"pilot":[147,162],"correct":[150],"situational":[151],"awareness":[152],"at":[153],"manageable":[155],"workload;":[156],"b.":[157],"ensuring":[158,171],"adequate":[159],"monitoring":[160],"performance":[163],"without":[164],"an":[165],"on-board":[166],"co-pilot;":[168],"c.":[170],"redundancy":[172],"case":[174],"incapacitation.":[176],"Finally,":[177],"Incapacitation":[180],"Redundancy":[181],"(SPIR)":[182],"solutions":[183],"were":[184],"explored":[185],"by":[186],"means":[187],"scenario":[190],"analysis":[191],"functional":[193],"analysis.":[194],"greatest":[196],"challenge":[197],"SPIR":[199],"turns":[200],"out":[201],"setting":[205],"incapacitation":[208,228],"detection":[209,229],"sensitivity":[210],"threshold;":[211],"avoiding":[212],"excessive":[213],"false":[214],"warnings":[215],"(alarm":[216],"problem)":[217],"yet":[218],"retaining":[219],"immediacy":[220],"for":[221,245],"timely":[222],"recovery":[223],"stable":[225],"flight;":[226],"both":[227],"seem-less":[231],"control":[232],"take-over":[233],"more":[236],"suited":[237],"adaptability":[240],"humans.":[242],"A":[243],"concept":[244],"deck":[249],"been":[251],"presented":[252],"which":[254],"these":[255],"become":[257],"obsolete.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
