{"id":"https://openalex.org/W36044457","doi":null,"title":"The acute and chronic effects of ephedrine/caffeine mixtures on energy expenditure and glucose metabolism in humans.","display_name":"The acute and chronic effects of ephedrine/caffeine mixtures on energy expenditure and glucose metabolism in humans.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W36044457","mag":"36044457","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8124407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8124407","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8124407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057263310","display_name":"Sren Toubro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Toubro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Fredriksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Fredriksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048067129","display_name":"Arne Vernon Astrup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-8996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-8996"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Astrup","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052587222","display_name":"Leif Breum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-8302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-8302"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Breum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022105720","display_name":"FLEMMING QUAADE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Quaade","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52499464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"17 Suppl 3","issue":null,"first_page":"S73","last_page":"7; discussion S82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12539","display_name":"Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12539","display_name":"Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11264","display_name":"Coffee research and impacts","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10489","display_name":"Regulation of Appetite and Obesity","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ephedrine","display_name":"ephedrine","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine","display_name":"caffeine","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss","display_name":"weight loss","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-maintenance","display_name":"weight maintenance","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-expenditure","display_name":"energy expenditure","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-metabolism","display_name":"glucose metabolism","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-treatment","display_name":"long-term treatment","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-withdrawal-symptoms","display_name":"drug withdrawal symptoms","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-reactions","display_name":"adverse drug reactions","score":0.9380000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778984665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219626","display_name":"Ephedrine","level":2,"score":0.9501190185546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778500429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235","display_name":"Caffeine","level":2,"score":0.9452794790267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8128868341445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544821477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718113","display_name":"Weight loss","level":3,"score":0.7459083795547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.7458064556121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.5277798175811768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5013720989227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4178738296031952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.3855885863304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.33856090903282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004809","descriptor_name":"Ephedrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004809","descriptor_name":"Ephedrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004809","descriptor_name":"Ephedrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013375","descriptor_name":"Substance Withdrawal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015431","descriptor_name":"Weight Loss","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8124407","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8124407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:36044457","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8124407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39998313","https://openalex.org/W7214243214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W67149165","https://openalex.org/W2331366182","https://openalex.org/W2290920852","https://openalex.org/W3501369","https://openalex.org/W2414082748","https://openalex.org/W150062392","https://openalex.org/W2149142894","https://openalex.org/W121949149","https://openalex.org/W1999289755","https://openalex.org/W2067967422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,22,27,30,60],"24-week":[4,32],"open":[5],"follow-up":[6,76,91],"trial":[7],"with":[8,47],"reduced":[9],"obese":[10],"patients":[11,86],"all":[12,110],"receiving":[13],"an":[14,96],"ephedrine/caffeine":[15,38,118],"combination":[16,119],"(20":[17,51],"mg/200":[18],"mg)":[19,52,57],"three":[20,58],"times":[21,59],"day.":[23,61],"The":[24,62,75,133],"study":[25,35],"was":[26,64,78],"continuation":[28],"of":[29,100],"previous":[31],"double-blind":[33],"placebo-controlled":[34],"where":[36],"the":[37,90,117],"mixture":[39],"had":[40],"shown":[41],"superior":[42],"weight-reducing":[43],"properties":[44],"when":[45],"compared":[46],"either":[48],"ephedrine":[49],"alone":[50,55],"or":[53],"caffeine":[54],"(200":[56],"medication":[63],"stopped":[65],"between":[66],"weeks":[67,80],"24-26":[68],"in":[69,95,124,127],"order":[70],"to":[71,82],"evaluate":[72],"withdrawal":[73,143],"symptoms.":[74],"period":[77],"from":[79],"26":[81],"50.":[83],"Of":[84],"127":[85],"included,":[87],"99":[88],"completed":[89],"treatment,":[92],"which":[93],"resulted":[94],"additional":[97],"weight":[98,131],"loss":[99],"1.1":[101],"kg":[102],"(P":[103],"=":[104],"0.02).":[105],"Adverse":[106],"drug":[107],"reactions":[108],"were":[109],"minor":[111,136],"and":[112,122,129,137,139],"temporary.":[113],"We":[114],"conclude":[115],"that":[116],"is":[120],"safe":[121],"effective":[123],"long-term":[125],"treatment":[126],"improving":[128],"maintaining":[130],"loss.":[132],"side-effects":[134],"are":[135],"transient":[138],"no":[140],"clinically":[141],"relevant":[142],"symptoms":[144],"have":[145],"been":[146],"observed.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}