{"id":"https://openalex.org/W358562196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17226/22283","title":"Further Development of the Safety and Congestion Relationship for Urban Freeways","display_name":"Further Development of the Safety and Congestion Relationship for Urban Freeways","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W358562196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17226/22283","mag":"358562196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17226/22283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17226/22283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17226/22283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464023","display_name":"Transportation Research Board eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024687560","display_name":"Ingrid B. Potts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid B. Potts","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104353586","display_name":"D W Harwood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas W. Harwood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090454403","display_name":"Chris A. Fees","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris A. Fees","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029321695","display_name":"Karin Bauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4999-6083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4999-6083"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karin M. Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109807704","display_name":"Christopher S. Kinzel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher S. Kinzel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9711,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82368421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.8690999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.8690999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.1096000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-freeways","display_name":"urban expressways","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-recurrent-congestion","display_name":"non-recurrent congestion","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-density","display_name":"traffic density","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crash-frequency","display_name":"accident frequency","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accident-rates","display_name":"accident rates","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-time-reliability","display_name":"travel time reliability","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-cost-benefit-analysis","display_name":"life-cycle cost-benefit analysis","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-shaped-curve","display_name":"U-shaped curve","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-vehicle-crashes","display_name":"single-vehicle crashes","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-vehicle-crashes","display_name":"multiple-vehicle crashes","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-level","display_name":"level of service","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.6015631556510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36695700883865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17588090896606445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17226/22283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17226/22283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17226/22283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464023","display_name":"Transportation Research Board eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172316599","https://openalex.org/W2146088518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999184766","https://openalex.org/W2914200019","https://openalex.org/W2057141084","https://openalex.org/W7066428059","https://openalex.org/W2201271102","https://openalex.org/W7061969599","https://openalex.org/W2591462025","https://openalex.org/W341481697","https://openalex.org/W7120839655","https://openalex.org/W623026916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Strategic":[0],"Highway":[1,17],"Research":[2],"Program":[3],"2":[4],"(SHRP":[5],"2)":[6],"Reliability":[7],"Project":[8],"L07,":[9],"Identification":[10],"and":[11,46,53,61,64,119,122,127,135,142,153,157,186,191,215,258],"Evaluation":[12],"of":[13,16,31,83,170,204,284],"the":[14,29,55,80,123,145,177,181,188,209,220],"Cost-Effectiveness":[15],"Design":[18],"Features":[19],"to":[20,41,75,86,163,183],"Reduce":[21],"Nonrecurrent":[22],"Congestion,":[23],"provided":[24],"(1)":[25],"general":[26],"guidance":[27],"on":[28,50,180,226],"range":[30],"design":[32,133,272],"elements":[33],"that":[34],"could":[35],"be":[36,73,289],"used":[37,74],"by":[38],"transportation":[39],"agencies":[40],"improve":[42],"travel":[43],"time":[44],"reliability":[45,128],"reduce":[47],"nonrecurrent":[48,89,278],"congestion":[49,154,192,279],"urban":[51,227],"freeways":[52,228],"(2)":[54],"Analysis":[56],"Tool":[57],"for":[58,98],"measuring":[59],"operational":[60],"safety":[62,152,190,297],"effectiveness":[63],"calculating":[65],"a":[66,95,103,113,148,158,234,271,296],"life-cycle":[67,140],"benefit\u2013cost":[68],"value.":[69],"This":[70,173],"value":[71],"can":[72,109],"support":[76],"decision":[77],"making":[78],"about":[79,112],"possible":[81],"use":[82],"individual":[84],"treatments":[85,134],"address":[87],"actual":[88],"traffic":[90,171,216,231,244,256,266],"conditions.":[91],"The":[92,202,223,237],"tool":[93,124],"is":[94,274],"Visual":[96],"Basic":[97],"Applications":[99],"(VBA)":[100],"interface":[101],"overlaying":[102],"Microsoft-based":[104],"Excel":[105],"2007":[106],"spreadsheet.":[107],"Analysts":[108],"input":[110],"data":[111,200],"highway":[114],"such":[115],"as":[116],"geometrics,":[117],"volumes,":[118],"crash":[120,165,213,224,239,249,261],"totals,":[121],"computes":[125],"delay":[126],"indicators":[129],"resulting":[130,294],"from":[131],"various":[132,168],"translates":[136],"those":[137],"results":[138,203],"into":[139],"costs":[141],"benefits.":[143],"For":[144],"safety-effectiveness":[146],"analysis,":[147],"new":[149],"relationship":[150,193,211],"between":[151,212],"was":[155,161],"explored,":[156],"mathematical":[159],"model":[160,194],"developed":[162,218],"quantify":[164],"frequency":[166,214],"at":[167,242,254,264,281],"levels":[169,283],"density.":[172],"supplemental":[174],"report":[175],"presents":[176],"research":[178,207],"findings":[179],"effort":[182],"further":[184],"develop":[185],"refine":[187],"original":[189,221],"using":[195],"two":[196],"additional":[197,206],"independent":[198],"freeway":[199],"sets.":[201],"this":[205],"confirmed":[208],"graphical":[210],"density":[217,232],"in":[219,233,276,291,295],"research.":[222],"rate":[225],"varies":[229],"with":[230,246],"U-shaped":[235],"curve.":[236],"lowest":[238],"rates":[240,250,262],"occurred":[241],"medium":[243],"densities,":[245],"slightly":[247],"higher":[248,260,265,282],"(single-vehicle-":[251],"dominant)":[252],"recorded":[253,263],"lower":[255],"densities":[257,267],"much":[259],"(multiple-vehicle-dominant).":[268],"Therefore,":[269],"if":[270],"treatment":[273],"effective":[275,290],"reducing":[277,292],"conditions":[280],"service,":[285],"it":[286],"should":[287],"also":[288],"crashes,":[293],"benefit.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}