{"id":"https://openalex.org/W35812617","doi":null,"title":"Postoperative pain and its management.","display_name":"Postoperative pain and its management.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W35812617","mag":"35812617","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7710238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7710238","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7710238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058647852","display_name":"Narinder Rawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2056-6888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2056-6888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129463","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02m62qy71","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129463"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N Rawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Orebro Medical Center Hospital, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Orebro Medical Center Hospital, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058647852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129463"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4186,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56292864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6 Suppl","first_page":"56","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.024399999529123306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-pain","display_name":"postoperative pain","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-management","display_name":"pain management","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-analgesics","display_name":"opioid analgesics","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-analgesia","display_name":"epidural analgesia","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrathecal-analgesia","display_name":"intrathecal analgesia","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-controlled-analgesia","display_name":"patient-controlled analgesia","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-opioid-analgesics","display_name":"non-opioid analgesics","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs","display_name":"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-adrenergic-agents","display_name":"alpha-adrenergic agents","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-pain-service","display_name":"acute pain service","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-complications","display_name":"postoperative complications","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9723657369613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5995712280273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.5737931728363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5076342821121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4507744312286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113","display_name":"Chronic pain","level":2,"score":0.4381427764892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15490471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734305","display_name":"Nociception","level":3,"score":0.4361827075481415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.12634700536727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0956893265247345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.09392404556274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000698","descriptor_name":"Analgesia","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010149","descriptor_name":"Postoperative Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010149","descriptor_name":"Postoperative Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018710","descriptor_name":"Pain Clinics","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018712","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Non-Narcotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7710238","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7710238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:35812617","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7710238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034104597","https://openalex.org/W2319331910","https://openalex.org/W2755656452","https://openalex.org/W2107408260","https://openalex.org/W209410956","https://openalex.org/W2072369333","https://openalex.org/W2097719122","https://openalex.org/W2411450748","https://openalex.org/W1983232514","https://openalex.org/W2198377128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years":[2],"tremendous":[3],"progress":[4],"has":[5,81],"been":[6,36],"made":[7,37],"in":[8,19,23,38,52,57,73,109,201,211],"our":[9,39],"understanding":[10],"of":[11,27,41,45,54,97,121,173,190,204,214,221],"peripheral,":[12],"spinal":[13,136],"cord":[14],"and":[15,22,31,43,59,92,163,207,224],"brain":[16],"mechanisms":[17],"involved":[18],"acute":[20,232],"pain":[21,58,80,98,192,233],"the":[24,74,174,185,188,202,212],"neurophysiologic":[25],"description":[26],"nociceptive":[28],"pathways,":[29],"receptors":[30],"mediators.":[32],"Great":[33],"strides":[34],"have":[35,70,101,118],"knowledge":[40],"pharmacokinetics":[42],"pharmacodynamics":[44],"drugs":[46,162,206,223],"used":[47],"to":[48,124,187],"treat":[49],"pain.":[50,127],"However,":[51,179],"spite":[53],"unprecedented":[55],"interest":[56],"its":[60],"management,":[61],"most":[62],"patients":[63,112],"undergoing":[64,113],"surgery":[65],"still":[66],"receive":[67],"treatments":[68],"that":[69,184],"changed":[71],"little":[72],"past":[75],"decades.":[76],"Untreated":[77],"severe":[78],"postoperative":[79,106,126],"many":[82],"deleterious":[83],"effects":[84],"on":[85,105,194],"respiration,":[86],"circulation,":[87],"autonomic":[88],"activity,":[89],"renal":[90],"function":[91],"gastrointestinal":[93],"activity.":[94],"The":[95],"technique":[96],"control":[99,125],"does":[100],"a":[102,119,215],"significant":[103],"influence":[104],"complications":[107],"particularly":[108],"high":[110],"risk":[111],"major":[114],"surgery.":[115],"Today":[116],"we":[117],"variety":[120],"effective":[122],"modalities":[123],"These":[128],"include":[129],"different":[130],"opioid":[131],"administration":[132],"techniques":[133,209],"such":[134,158],"as":[135,159],"opioids":[137],"(epidural,":[138],"intrathecal),":[139],"patient":[140],"controlled":[141],"analgesia":[142],"(i.v.,":[143],"subcutaneous,":[144],"epidural),":[145],"i.v.":[146],"infusions,":[147],"sublingual,":[148],"oral":[149],"transmucosal":[150],"(\"lollipop\"),":[151],"rectal,":[152],"nasal,":[153],"intra":[154],"articular.":[155],"Non-opioid":[156],"analgesics":[157],"non-steroidal":[160],"anti-inflammatory":[161],"alpha-adrenergic":[164],"agents":[165],"(systemic,":[166],"epidural,":[167],"intrathecal)":[168],"are":[169,176],"available.":[170],"Various":[171],"combinations":[172],"above":[175],"also":[177],"possible.":[178],"it":[180],"is":[181,236],"increasingly":[182],"recognised":[183],"solution":[186],"problem":[189],"inadequate":[191],"relief":[193],"surgical":[195],"wards":[196],"lies":[197],"not":[198],"so":[199],"much":[200],"development":[203,213],"new":[205,208],"but":[210],"formal":[216],"organisation":[217,229],"for":[218,231],"better":[219],"use":[220],"existing":[222],"techniques.":[225],"A":[226],"simple,":[227],"low-cost":[228],"model":[230],"services":[234],"(APS)":[235],"described.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
