{"id":"https://openalex.org/W35261908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38ph63","title":"A Realist Approach to Copyright Law\ufffds Formalities","display_name":"A Realist Approach to Copyright Law\ufffds Formalities","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W35261908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38ph63","mag":"35261908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.berkeley.edu:btlj-2013","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/btlj/vol28/iss3/6","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/btlj/vol28/iss3/6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Berkeley Technology Law Journal","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/btlj/vol28/iss3/6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041274286","display_name":"Michael W. Carroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-0153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-0153"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carroll, Michael W.","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University Washington College of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University Washington College of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041274286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1472,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96710678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"3","first_page":"6","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14457","display_name":"Intellectual Property Rights and Media","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/berne-convention","display_name":"Berne Convention","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandatory-registration","display_name":"mandatory registration","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rights-holders","display_name":"rights holders","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/licensing","display_name":"licensing","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"interoperability","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"transparency","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copyright-management","display_name":"copyright management","score":0.375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6594186425209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.637790322303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.5271800756454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5000731945037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.4806422293186188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.4792475700378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780608745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367293","display_name":"Convention","level":2,"score":0.45636364817619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4543629288673401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75011936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4122235","display_name":"Private law","level":3,"score":0.4120585322380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3832780718803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36569491028785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177986884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207892","display_name":"Public law","level":2,"score":0.36513030529022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2627646028995514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.berkeley.edu:btlj-2013","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/btlj/vol28/iss3/6","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/btlj/vol28/iss3/6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Berkeley Technology Law Journal","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu:facsch_lawrev-2209","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/facsch_lawrev/1211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Articles in Law Reviews &amp; Other Academic Journals","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu:research-1042","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/research/40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PIJIP Research Paper Series","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:35261908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2457995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3124479567","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/btlj/vol28/iss3/6/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203105838","display_name":"Berkeley technology law journal","issn_l":"0885-2715","issn":["0885-2715","1086-3818"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","jufo-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316106","host_organization_name":"UC Berkeley School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316106","https://openalex.org/P4310316198"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UC Berkeley School of Law","University of California, Berkeley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Berkeley technology law journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.15779/z38ph63","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38ph63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38ph63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050879","display_name":"UC Berkeley","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","host_organization_name":"University of California, Berkeley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.berkeley.edu:btlj-2013","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/btlj/vol28/iss3/6","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/btlj/vol28/iss3/6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Berkeley Technology Law Journal","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W35261908.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W35261908.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2206573214","https://openalex.org/W4252410555","https://openalex.org/W2470678757","https://openalex.org/W646676991","https://openalex.org/W2470016169","https://openalex.org/W7001690960","https://openalex.org/W2264614384","https://openalex.org/W7015832120","https://openalex.org/W2895438278","https://openalex.org/W1864703413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rejecting":[0],"the":[1,12,29,66,78,160],"conventional":[2],"story":[3],"that":[4,18],"formalities":[5,23,118,124,147,167],"in":[6,28,68,136,177],"copyright":[7,32,39],"law":[8,33],"were":[9],"abolished":[10],"by":[11,169],"Berne":[13,102],"Convention,":[14],"this":[15,90],"Article":[16],"demonstrates":[17],"privately":[19],"administered":[20],"systems":[21,87,122,168],"of":[22,31,80,88,116,123,156,162],"play":[24],"a":[25,44,72,113,154],"significant":[26],"role":[27],"administration":[30],"worldwide.":[34],"Indeed,":[35],"they":[36,70],"must":[37],"because":[38],"is":[40],"designed":[41],"to":[42,52,56,62,103,158],"support":[43],"transaction":[45],"structure":[46],"which":[47,69],"requires":[48],"rightsholders":[49,109],"who":[50],"seek":[51],"attract":[53],"licensing":[54],"partners":[55],"go":[57],"through":[58],"some":[59],"formal":[60,106],"step":[61],"identify":[63],"themselves":[64],"and":[65,82,85,139,143,149,165,175,180],"works":[67],"have":[71],"legal":[73],"or":[74,171],"beneficial":[75],"interest.":[76],"Canvassing":[77],"landscape":[79],"mandatory":[81],"voluntary":[83,141,145],"public":[84,117,146,164],"private":[86,121,166],"formalities,":[89],"article":[91],"argues":[92],"that:":[93],"(1)":[94],"national":[95],"policymakers":[96,151],"retain":[97],"more":[98],"policy":[99],"authority":[100],"under":[101],"impose":[104],"certain":[105],"requirements":[107],"on":[108],"than":[110],"those":[111],"with":[112,133,140],"formalist":[114],"understanding":[115],"argue;":[119],"(2)":[120],"are":[125,130],"extensive,":[126],"economically":[127],"significant,":[128],"but":[129],"not":[131],"interoperable":[132],"each":[134],"other":[135,144],"many":[137],"cases":[138],"registries":[142],"systems;":[148],"(3)":[150],"should":[152],"use":[153],"mix":[155],"approaches":[157],"improve":[159],"functioning":[161],"both":[163],"promoting":[170],"requiring":[172],"transparency,":[173],"efficiency,":[174],"interoperability":[176],"their":[178],"design":[179],"administration.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
