{"id":"https://openalex.org/W35205448","doi":null,"title":"Sambamurti Lecture: The Whole Story Behind a Half, The Quest to Understand the Proton's Spin","display_name":"Sambamurti Lecture: The Whole Story Behind a Half, The Quest to Understand the Proton's Spin","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W35205448","mag":"35205448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2327907683","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/988034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W35205448"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069311571","display_name":"C. Aidala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-4988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-4988"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Aidala","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-4988","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069311571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00450941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10527","display_name":"High-Energy Particle Collisions Research","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-spin","display_name":"proton spin","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-spin-structure","display_name":"proton spin structure","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarized-protons","display_name":"polarized protons","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhic","display_name":"RHIC","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenix-experiment","display_name":"PHENIX experiment","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quarks-and-gluons","display_name":"quarks and gluons","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transverse-spin","display_name":"transverse spin","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleon-structure","display_name":"nucleon structure","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quark-gluon-plasma","display_name":"quark-gluon plasma","score":0.5529999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28294206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177013","display_name":"Subatomic particle","level":3,"score":0.8688059449195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7526357769966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.7193779945373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252067","display_name":"Proton spin crisis","level":3,"score":0.6055191159248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42704618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917","display_name":"Spin (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.602871298789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.5964165925979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123579102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299","display_name":"Gluon","level":3,"score":0.5116046071052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.45245254039764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.4472339451313019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58312451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817200","display_name":"Atom (system on chip)","level":2,"score":0.44702836871147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.39106523990631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6718","display_name":"Quark","level":2,"score":0.3778805136680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102999125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43116","display_name":"Elementary particle","level":2,"score":0.33582526445388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2327907683","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/988034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:35205448","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1013355-whole-story-behind-half-quest-understand-proton-spin-sambamurti-lecture","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4242704309","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5728\u7ebf\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u8111\u673a\u5171\u4eab\u63a7\u5236\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5eb7\u590d\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61836003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5471918313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6980232494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751911346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1754831596","https://openalex.org/W2038440604","https://openalex.org/W199797348","https://openalex.org/W2116460839","https://openalex.org/W2542590282","https://openalex.org/W3140670036","https://openalex.org/W1967498089","https://openalex.org/W168938423","https://openalex.org/W1493677411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proton":[1,82,171],"is":[2,37,83],"a":[3,47,78,103,161],"positively":[4],"charged":[5,49],"subatomic":[6,50],"particle":[7,51],"which":[8,96],"constitutes":[9],"the":[10,13,34,38,41,44,65,72,81,107,112,139,143,168,178,183,188,193,198],"nucleus":[11,19,66],"of":[12,43,67,90,95,135,154,163,187,195,197,202],"ordinary":[14,203],"hydrogen":[15],"atom.":[16,69],"Every":[17],"atomic":[18],"contains":[20],"one":[21,196],"or":[22,62],"more":[23],"protons.":[24],"It":[25],"has":[26,149,173],"been":[27,150],"known":[28,84],"for":[29],"nearly":[30],"80":[31],"years":[32],"that":[33,52,111],"proton's":[35,113],"spin":[36,42,100,120,140,185],"same":[39],"as":[40,121,180,182],"electron":[45],"-":[46],"negatively":[48],"can":[53],"be":[54,77,86],"found":[55],"either":[56],"free,":[57],"unattached":[58],"to":[59,64,76,85,129,191],"any":[60],"atom,":[61],"bound":[63],"an":[68,126],"However,":[70],"unlike":[71],"electron,":[73],"still":[74],"believed":[75],"point":[79],"particle,":[80],"composite,":[87],"made":[88,174],"up":[89,118],"quarks":[91],"and":[92],"gluons,":[93],"all":[94],"have":[97,124],"their":[98],"own":[99],"values.":[101],"Since":[102],"surprising":[104],"measurement":[105],"in":[106],"late":[108,158],"1980s":[109],"revealed":[110],"subcomponents":[114],"did":[115],"not":[116],"build":[117],"its":[119],"expected,":[122],"scientists":[123],"maintained":[125],"ongoing":[127],"quest":[128],"unravel":[130],"this":[131],"puzzle.":[132],"As":[133],"part":[134],"these":[136],"worldwide":[137],"efforts,":[138],"program":[141],"at":[142],"Relativistic":[144],"Heavy":[145],"Ion":[146],"Collider":[147],"(RHIC)":[148],"colliding":[151],"high-energy":[152],"beams":[153],"polarized":[155,170],"protons":[156],"since":[157,167],"2001.":[159],"Aidala,":[160],"member":[162],"RHIC's":[164],"PHENIX":[165],"experiment":[166],"first":[169],"run,":[172],"measurements":[175],"probing":[176],"both":[177],"transverse":[179],"well":[181],"longitudinal":[184],"structure":[186,194],"proton,":[189],"helping":[190],"elucidate":[192],"fundamentalmore\u00a0\u00bb":[199],"building":[200],"blocks":[201],"matter.\u00ab\u00a0less":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
