{"id":"https://openalex.org/W351621965","doi":null,"title":"Chemical and spectroscopic studies on organogermanes","display_name":"Chemical and spectroscopic studies on organogermanes","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W351621965","mag":"351621965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.dur.ac.uk:8615","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8615/","pdf_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8615/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8615/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045305583","display_name":"J. R. C. Light","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. R. C. Light","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045305583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10807","display_name":"Synthesis and characterization of novel inorganic/organometallic compounds","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10807","display_name":"Synthesis and characterization of novel inorganic/organometallic compounds","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11441","display_name":"Organoboron and organosilicon chemistry","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12458","display_name":"Organometallic Compounds Synthesis and Characterization","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organogermanes","display_name":"organogermanes","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germanium-halides","display_name":"germanium halides","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkylation","display_name":"alkylation","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organoaluminum-compounds","display_name":"organoaluminum compounds","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digermane","display_name":"digermane","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germanium-tetrachloride","display_name":"germanium tetrachloride","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germanium-tetrabromide","display_name":"germanium tetrabromide","score":0.902999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3323671221733093}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.dur.ac.uk:8615","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8615/","pdf_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8615/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.durham.ac.uk:8615","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/8615/1/8615_5546.PDF","pdf_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/8615/1/8615_5546.PDF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:351621965","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8615/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.dur.ac.uk:8615","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8615/","pdf_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8615/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320664","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W351621965.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W351621965.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W269277721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W135287171","https://openalex.org/W363449424","https://openalex.org/W2045244448","https://openalex.org/W2140037035","https://openalex.org/W3159490241","https://openalex.org/W1410055","https://openalex.org/W584559413","https://openalex.org/W7062054429","https://openalex.org/W357827853","https://openalex.org/W2004703132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"first":[1,27],"part":[2,24,242],"of":[3,9,30,34,38,53,60,70,94,132,179,191,193,201,228,243,249,262,272,276,287,302,345,454,472,516,529],"this":[4,43,545],"thesis":[5],"describes":[6],"the":[7,26,31,71,73,114,133,176,180,189,196,212,217,226,250,260,283,291,300,303,317,335,360,377,382,388,416,441,449,500,514],"alkylation":[8],"germanium":[10,79,87,89,100,115,149,253],"halides":[11,475,510],"by":[12,161,468,527],"organoaluminium":[13],"compounds,":[14,124],"and":[15,40,55,78,113,151,255,274,400,461,476],"comparison":[16],"is":[17,102,117,236,321,434,483,503,533],"made":[18,168],"with":[19,153,387],"other":[20,442],"alkylating":[21],"reagents.The":[22],"second":[23],"presents":[25],"detailed":[28],"analysis":[29],"mass":[32],"spectra":[33],"a":[35,91,172,327,470,517],"wide":[36],"range":[37],"organogerrnanes,":[39],"shows":[41],"how":[42],"technique":[44,184],"can":[45,166],"be":[46,167,239,323,525],"used":[47],"in":[48,205,216,385,440,456,481,513],"characterising":[49],"new":[50],"compounds.Some":[51],"aspects":[52],"infrared":[54],"proton":[56],"magnetic":[57],"resonance":[58],"spectroscopy":[59],"organogermanium":[61],"compounds":[62,77,95,104,152],"are":[63,105,511,546],"included.Part":[64],"!.Chemical":[65],"Studies.Besides":[66],"giving":[67],"good":[68],"yields":[69],"tetraorganogermanes,":[72],"reaction":[74,137,218,251],"between":[75,252,270,458],"alkylaluminium":[76],"tetrachloride":[80,254],"gives":[81,143],"by-products":[82],"containing":[83,96,145],"up":[84,97,146],"to":[85,98,122,147,169,238,259,282,322,366,437,479,485,491,544],"seven":[86],"atoms.With":[88],"di-iodide":[90],"complex":[92],"mixture":[93,197,471],"ten":[99],"atoms":[101,150],"obtained.These":[103],"fully":[106],"alkylated,":[107],"having":[108],"Me":[109,139],"3Ge":[110],"end":[111],"groups":[112],"skeleton":[116],"usually":[118],"highly":[119],"branched.In":[120],"addition":[121,200],"these":[123,353],"both":[125],"reactions":[126,391,457,488],"gave":[127,364,421],"products":[128],"resulting":[129],"from":[130,195,352],"growth":[131],"alkyl":[134,329,474,509],"group":[135],"Wurtz":[136],"on":[138],"3":[140,231,307,313,319],"GeBr":[141,308,320],"also":[142,363,534],"organopolygermanes":[144],"five":[148],"GeCH":[154],"2":[155,223,349,426],"Ge":[156,222,348,369,425],"linkages.-5these":[157],"preparations":[158],"suggests":[159],"that,":[160],"suitably":[162],"adjusting":[163],"conditions,":[164],"they":[165,523],"serve":[170],"as":[171,290,326,520],"preparative":[173],"method":[174],"for":[175,188,265,299,381],"digermane,":[177],"instead":[178],"monogermane.6":[181],"7":[182],"This":[183],"was":[185,214,279,350,375,402,431,447,540],"recommended":[186],"'":[187],"preparation":[190],"hexaphenyldigermane.Removal":[192],"ether":[194,213,235],"immediately":[198],"after":[199],"Gecl":[202,459],"4":[203,209,356,370,420,460,478],"dissolved":[204],"toluene":[206],"produced":[207],"Ph":[208,220,306,312,318],"Ge;":[210],"when":[211],"left":[215],"mixture,":[219],"6":[221,347,424],"resulted.This":[224],"supports":[225],"existence":[227],"an":[229,240],"R":[230],"GeMgX":[232],"intermediate,":[233],"since":[234],"well-known":[237],"essential":[241],"Grignard":[244,501,531],"reagents.8":[245],"A":[246],"thorough":[247],"study":[248],"phenylmagnesium":[256],"bromide":[257,390],"led":[258],"formulation":[261],"optimum":[263],"conditions":[264],"digermane":[266,273],"formation.The":[267],"apparent":[268],"relationship":[269],"yield":[271],"lack":[275],"experimental":[277],"care":[278],"pinned":[280],"down":[281],"presence":[284],"or":[285],"absence":[286],"free":[288],"magnesium":[289,338],"real":[292],"determining":[293],"factor.(69%)This":[294],"provided":[295],"yet":[296],"another":[297],"suggestion":[298],"formation":[301,453,515,528],"germyl-Gtignard":[304],"reagent:":[305],"+":[309],"Mg":[310,480],"-~)":[311],"GeMgBr":[314],"so":[315],"that":[316,334,405,415,438,487,507,537],"regarded":[324],"simply":[325],"highly-branched":[328],"halide,":[330],"There":[331],"~\u00a5as":[332],"evidence":[333,404],"finely":[336],"divided":[337],"not":[339,504],"i":[340,341,358,412,413],"Only":[342],"about":[343],"1%":[344],"Pr":[346,354,367,418,423],"obtained":[351,432,439],"\u2022MgX-GeX":[355],"systems,":[357,444],"but":[359,428],"system":[361,417],"X=Cl":[362],"rise":[365],"8":[368],".Some":[371],"higher":[372,380],"polymeric":[373,394],"material":[374,395],"obtained,":[376],"proportion":[378],"being":[379],"iodide":[383],"reaction,":[384],"accord":[386],"benzylmagnesium":[389],"already":[392,493],"quoted.This":[393],"did,":[396],"however,":[397],"contain":[398],"oxygen,":[399],"there":[401],"no":[403,422],"Ge-Ge":[406],"bonds":[407],"were":[408],"present.Earlier":[409],"experiments":[410],"14":[411],"showed":[414],"MgBr-GeBr":[419],",":[427],"some":[429,538],"polymer":[430],"which":[433],"probably":[435],"analogous":[436],"isopropyl":[443],"although":[445],"it":[446],"assigned":[448],"composition":[450],"(PriGe)":[451],".nThe":[452],"digermanes":[455],"mixedGrignard":[462],"reagents":[463],"has":[464],"been":[465],"studied":[466],"15":[467],"adding":[469],"two":[473],"GeC1":[477],"diethylether.It":[482],"interesting":[484],"note":[486],"generally":[489],"similar":[490],"those":[492],"discussed":[494],"do":[495],"take":[496],"place,":[497],"even":[498],"though":[499],"reagent":[502],"pre-formed.This":[505],"means":[506],"if":[508],"eliminated":[512],"germyl-Grignard":[518],"reagent,":[519],"previously":[521],"suggested,":[522],"may":[524],"removed":[526],"further":[530],"reagent.It":[532],"worth":[535],"noting":[536],"trigermane":[539],"detected.Two":[541],"possible":[542],"routes":[543],"readily":[547],"apparent:":[548]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
