{"id":"https://openalex.org/W350160386","doi":null,"title":"Differences in the Size of the Pupil of the Eye as a Measure of Learning Capacity and the Learning Process in Kindergarten and High School Students. Final Report.","display_name":"Differences in the Size of the Pupil of the Eye as a Measure of Learning Capacity and the Learning Process in Kindergarten and High School Students. Final Report.","publication_year":1970,"publication_date":"1970-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W350160386","mag":"350160386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:350160386","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED038729.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005377324","display_name":"James M. Polt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James M. Polt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005377324"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.548799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.548799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.11240000277757645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.08169999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil-size","display_name":"pupil size","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil-dilation","display_name":"pupil dilation","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-activity","display_name":"cognitive activity","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-ability","display_name":"learning ability","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-process","display_name":"learning process","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-effort","display_name":"cognitive effort","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-performance-prediction","display_name":"student performance prediction","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disadvantaged-students","display_name":"disadvantaged students","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kindergarten-children","display_name":"kindergarten children","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-ability-measurement","display_name":"cognitive ability measurement","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.9236433506011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149288182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7260673","display_name":"Pupillary response","level":3,"score":0.790519118309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7608709335327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.7090781331062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6145040392875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5635731220245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140441792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910672","display_name":"Cognitive development","level":3,"score":0.462662011384964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134290984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241","display_name":"Cognitive skill","level":3,"score":0.42465290427207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4168916940689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150681269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2380771","display_name":"Cognitive style","level":3,"score":0.4138294458389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:350160386","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED038729.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973272251","https://openalex.org/W1979675537","https://openalex.org/W1981616671","https://openalex.org/W2006331953","https://openalex.org/W2011350917","https://openalex.org/W2052369469","https://openalex.org/W2333890644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2550240448","https://openalex.org/W2009846606","https://openalex.org/W1976109055","https://openalex.org/W64300848","https://openalex.org/W7098213207","https://openalex.org/W2084622816","https://openalex.org/W4388204048","https://openalex.org/W6996009285","https://openalex.org/W3141454125","https://openalex.org/W3084768527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DOCUMENT":[0],"RESUME":[1],"24":[2],"CG":[3],"005":[4],"413":[5],"Polt,":[6],"James":[7],"M.":[8],"Differences":[9],"in":[10,29,142,156,190],"the":[11,14,17,26,104,153,199,202,205],"Size":[12],"of":[13,16,22,43,50,85,106,117,145,193,201],"Pupil":[15],"Eye":[18],"as":[19,113],"a":[20,191],"Measure":[21],"Learning":[23,27],"Capacity":[24],"and":[25,31,100,124,135,139,147,158,169,176,208],"Process":[28],"Kindergarten":[30],"High":[32],"School":[33,71],"Students.":[34],"Final":[35],"Peport.":[36],"Temple":[37],"Buell":[38],"Coll.,":[39],"Denver,":[40],"Colo.":[41],"Office":[42],"Education":[44],"(DHEW)":[45],",":[46],"Washington,":[47],"D.C.":[48],"Fureau":[49],"Research.":[51],"BR":[52],"-8":[53],"-H":[54],"-023":[55],"1":[56],"May":[57],"70":[58],"OEG-8-8-080023-2008(057)":[59],"58p.":[60],"EDRS":[61],"Price":[62],"NE$0.50":[63],"HC-$3.00":[64],"*Cognitive":[65],"Ability,":[66],"Disadvantaged":[67],"Youth,":[68],"*Eyes,":[69],"*High":[70],"Students,":[72],"*Kindergarten":[73],"Children,":[74],"Learning,":[75],"Middle":[76],"Class,":[77],"*Pupillary":[78],"Dilation,":[79],"Pesearch,":[80],"Response":[81],"Mode":[82],"The":[83],"objective;":[84],"this":[86],"study":[87],"were":[88,165],"to":[89,109,115,152,187],"determine:":[90],"(1)":[91],"whether":[92,127],"or":[93],"not":[94],"cognitive":[95,111,118,143,188],"processes":[96,119],"differ":[97],"between":[98],"advantaged":[99,146,157,175],"disadvantaged":[101,148,159,177],"groups;":[102],"(2,":[103],"capacity":[105],"pupil":[107,128],"response":[108,129],"measure":[110],"ability":[112,123],"compared":[114],"measurements":[116],"depending":[120],"on":[121,198],"verbal":[122],"environment;":[125],"(3)":[126],"can":[130],"predict":[131],"future":[132],"academic":[133],"performance;":[134],"(4)":[136],"if":[137],"differences":[138],"similarities":[140],"found":[141],"functioning":[144],"kindergarten":[149,167,209],"children":[150,168],"exist":[151],"same":[154],"degree":[155],"high":[160,171,206],"school":[161,172,207],"students.":[162],"Subjects":[163],"tested":[164],"64":[166],"60":[170],"students":[173],"from":[174],"backgrounds.":[178],"Results":[179],"indicated":[180],"that":[181],"pupillary":[182],"dilation":[183],"is":[184],"directly":[185],"related":[186],"activity":[189],"number":[192],"situations":[194],"requiring":[195],"vested":[196],"effort":[197],"part":[200],"subject":[203],"at":[204],"levels.":[210],"(Author/EK)":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}