{"id":"https://openalex.org/W347656576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2400","title":"Increased endothelin and creatine kinase after electrical stimulation of paraplegic muscle","display_name":"Increased endothelin and creatine kinase after electrical stimulation of paraplegic muscle","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W347656576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2400","mag":"347656576","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8125856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140889577","display_name":"Journal of Applied Physiology","issn_l":"0161-7567","issn":["0161-7567","1522-1601","8750-7587"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000511823","display_name":"Robert Andrew Robergs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-8136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-8136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279639","display_name":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01st9d292","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. A. Robergs","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027924750","display_name":"Otto Appenzeller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-7658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-7658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279639","display_name":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01st9d292","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Appenzeller","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C. Qualls","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279639","display_name":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01st9d292","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Qualls","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042696362","display_name":"J. Aisenbrey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279639","display_name":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01st9d292","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Aisenbrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Krauss","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279639","display_name":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01st9d292","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Krauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012718143","display_name":"L. Kopriva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279639","display_name":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01st9d292","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Kopriva","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042265095","display_name":"James DePaepe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279639","display_name":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01st9d292","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. DePaepe","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque 87131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279639"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0329198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"6","first_page":"2400","last_page":"2405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord-injury","display_name":"spinal cord injury","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelin","display_name":"endothelin","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatine-kinase","display_name":"creatine kinase","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"functional electrical stimulation","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paraplegia","display_name":"paraplegia","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detraining","display_name":"detraining","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baroreceptor-function","display_name":"baroreceptor function","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure-control","display_name":"blood pressure control","score":0.8659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36880943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409458","display_name":"Creatine kinase","level":2,"score":0.711808443069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5293296575546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4976196587085724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.43320319056510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149601957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390566","display_name":"Endothelin 1","level":3,"score":0.423922598361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37302231788635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003402","descriptor_name":"Creatine Kinase","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010264","descriptor_name":"Paraplegia","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010264","descriptor_name":"Paraplegia","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016232","descriptor_name":"Endothelins","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016552","descriptor_name":"Ergometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140889577","display_name":"Journal of Applied Physiology","issn_l":"0161-7567","issn":["0161-7567","1522-1601","8750-7587"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8125856","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8125856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.qut.edu.au:96691","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2400","pdf_url":"https://journals.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2400","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402607","display_name":"QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","host_organization_name":"Queensland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Physiology","raw_type":"Contribution to Journal"},{"id":"mag:2514433355","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.qut.edu.au/96691/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306510307","display_name":"Faculty of Health","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Health","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7699999809265137}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254457888","https://openalex.org/W4241004483","https://openalex.org/W1990763712","https://openalex.org/W2183528587","https://openalex.org/W2088692811","https://openalex.org/W2150753289","https://openalex.org/W2328157666","https://openalex.org/W2055016082","https://openalex.org/W1628514187","https://openalex.org/W1497564316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,60,91],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,98,116,130],"to":[6,45,110,159],"assess":[7],"changes":[8],"in":[9,16,218,221,236,247],"creatine":[10],"kinase":[11],"(CK)":[12],"and":[13,36,57,68,83,93,115,125,133,140,181,189,211,231,244],"endothelin":[14],"(ET)":[15],"individuals":[17,224],"with":[18,39],"spinal":[19,41,222],"cord":[20,42],"injury":[21],"(SCI)":[22],"after":[23,54,70,86,104,134,153],"computerized":[24],"functional":[25],"electrical":[26],"stimulation":[27],"leg":[28],"ergometry":[29],"(CFES":[30],"LE).":[31],"Eight":[32],"subjects":[33],"(7":[34],"male":[35],"1":[37],"female)":[38],"complete":[40],"lesions":[43],"(C7":[44],"L1)":[46],"completed":[47],"zero-loaded":[48],"CFES":[49,61,87,135,146,241],"LE":[50,62,88,136,147],"tests":[51,106],"at":[52,177],"baseline,":[53],"3,":[55,123,179],"6,":[56,124,180],"12":[58,182],"wk":[59],"training":[63],"(30":[64],"min,":[65],"3":[66],"times/wk),":[67],"also":[69,148],"detraining":[71],"(DT)":[72],"(n":[73],"=":[74,203],"5).":[75],"Venous":[76],"blood":[77,233],"samples":[78],"were":[79],"drawn":[80],"24,":[81],"48,":[82],"72":[84,102],"h":[85,103],"for":[89,228],"measurement":[90],"ET":[92,152,169,198,220],"CK.":[94],"CK":[96,129,209],"response":[97],"largest":[99],"(peak":[100],"CK)":[101],"baseline":[105,120,154,175],"(28.2":[107],"+/-":[108,112,138,142,157,161,184,187,191],"6.0":[109],"895.7":[111],"345.9":[113],"ktals/l)":[114],"no":[117],"different":[118],"from":[119],"by":[121],"weeks":[122,178],"12.":[126],"After":[127,195],"DT,":[128,196],"similar":[131],"before":[132],"(153.8":[137],"19.0":[139],"189.7":[141],"34.5":[143],"ktals/l,":[144],"respectively).":[145,194],"significantly":[149,171],"increased":[150,199],"peak":[151,168,197,208,212],"(from":[155],"11.7":[156],"1.5":[158],"18.0":[160,186],"2.5":[162],"pg/ml).":[163],"During":[164],"the":[165,174,216],"subsequent":[166],"training,":[167],"remained":[170],"higher":[172],"than":[173],"value":[176],"(20.2":[183],"1.8,":[185],"1.1,":[188],"16.9":[190],"2.2":[192],"pg/ml,":[193],"significant":[200],"relationship":[201],"(r":[202],"0.44)":[204],"existed":[205],"between":[206],"ln":[207],"activity":[210],"ET.":[213],"In":[214],"summary,":[215],"increase":[217],"circulating":[219],"cord-injured":[223],"may":[225],"have":[226],"implications":[227],"baroreceptor":[229,245],"function":[230,246],"therefore":[232],"pressure":[234],"control":[235],"SCI.":[237],"Further":[238],"research":[239],"into":[240],"LE,":[242],"ET,":[243],"SCI":[248],"is":[249],"warranted.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
