{"id":"https://openalex.org/W346765626","doi":null,"title":"Time between sputum examination and treatment in patients with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.","display_name":"Time between sputum examination and treatment in patients with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W346765626","mag":"346765626","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10864191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10864191","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10864191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111413360","display_name":"Felix M. L. Salaniponi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127845","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0357r2107","country_code":"MW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127845"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F M Salaniponi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Population, Lilongwe, Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057362005","display_name":"F Gausi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Gausi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044249835","display_name":"John H Kwanjana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J H Kwanjana","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112146063","display_name":"A D Harries","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A D Harries","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55826979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"6","first_page":"581","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12578","display_name":"Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smear-negative-pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"smear-negative tuberculosis","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-initiation-delay","display_name":"delayed treatment initiation","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sputum-examination","display_name":"sputum examination","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-diagnosis","display_name":"tuberculosis diagnosis","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-radiograph","display_name":"chest radiograph","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-control-program","display_name":"tuberculosis control program","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malawi","display_name":"Malawi","score":0.890999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.978399932384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.9398343563079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781137159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283318","display_name":"Chest radiograph","level":3,"score":0.8621988296508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908628106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Pulmonary tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.7960191369056702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.6023297905921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4747855067253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.4277557134628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.25217464566230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.11660879850387573}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013183","descriptor_name":"Sputum","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014397","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10864191","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10864191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:346765626","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10864191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2404252003","https://openalex.org/W1413769807","https://openalex.org/W2063717987","https://openalex.org/W2169789254","https://openalex.org/W4313311963","https://openalex.org/W2016626326","https://openalex.org/W2288375723","https://openalex.org/W2063669805","https://openalex.org/W2432362142","https://openalex.org/W144177675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"time":[1],"between":[2,39],"sputum":[3,52,84,96],"examination":[4,85],"and":[5,41,61],"commencement":[6],"of":[7,29,51,74],"treatment":[8,47],"in":[9,17,20,27,86],"patients":[10,31],"registered":[11,34],"with":[12,89],"smear-negative":[13],"pulmonary":[14],"tuberculosis":[15],"(PTB)":[16],"four":[18],"hospitals":[19],"Malawi":[21],"was":[22,25],"investigated.":[23],"Information":[24],"obtained":[26],"701":[28],"887":[30],"who":[32],"were":[33,44,55,98],"over":[35],"a":[36,58,64,72],"12-month":[37],"period":[38],"1997":[40],"1998:":[42],"86%":[43],"started":[45,56],"on":[46],"within":[48],"3":[49,102],"weeks":[50,103],"examination,":[53],"14%":[54],"after":[57,63],"3-week":[59],"interval":[60],"6%":[62],"6-week":[65],"interval.":[66],"Such":[67],"delays":[68],"are":[69],"unacceptable,":[70],"for":[71],"number":[73],"reasons.":[75],"Recommendations":[76],"will":[77],"go":[78],"to":[79,82],"programme":[80],"staff":[81],"repeat":[83],"PTB":[87],"suspects":[88],"an":[90],"abnormal":[91],"chest":[92],"radiograph":[93],"whose":[94],"negative":[95],"smears":[97],"examined":[99],"more":[100],"than":[101],"previously.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
