{"id":"https://openalex.org/W34528844","doi":null,"title":"Vitamin D, sunlight exposure, and bone density in elderly African American females of low socioeconomic status.","display_name":"Vitamin D, sunlight exposure, and bone density in elderly African American females of low socioeconomic status.","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W34528844","mag":"34528844","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20063223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:20063223","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20063223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053213143","display_name":"Sally P. Weaver","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sally P Weaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["McLennan County Medical Education and Research Foundation, Family Medicine Residency Program, Waco, Tex, USA. SallyWeaver@me.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McLennan County Medical Education and Research Foundation, Family Medicine Residency Program, Waco, Tex, USA. SallyWeaver@me.com","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039489643","display_name":"Cindy Passmore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cindy Passmore","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ben Collins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008807219","display_name":"Eugene Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-3710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-3710"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73057765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"47","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10516","display_name":"Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-insufficiency","display_name":"vitamin D insufficiency","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/25-hydroxyvitamin-d","display_name":"25-hydroxyvitamin D","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-exposure","display_name":"sun exposure","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-mineral-density","display_name":"bone mineral density","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-women","display_name":"older women","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-women","display_name":"African American women","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-socioeconomic-status","display_name":"low socioeconomic status","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-pigmentation","display_name":"skin pigmentation","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parathyroid-hormone","display_name":"parathyroid hormone","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-calcium","display_name":"serum calcium","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-supplementation","display_name":"vitamin D supplementation","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.7887241840362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7658262252807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6163676977157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.587887167930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781208988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202476","display_name":"Parathyroid hormone","level":3,"score":0.5803132653236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170853661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193788","display_name":"Sunlight","level":2,"score":0.5414474606513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779740938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4138762","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","level":3,"score":0.5009512901306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.4745415151119232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4321857690811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.42335349321365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.4124719202518463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4043057858943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519063684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706","display_name":"Calcium","level":2,"score":0.3790299594402313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.35791000723838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.22827744483947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002118","descriptor_name":"Calcium","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002136","descriptor_name":"Calcium, Dietary","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010024","descriptor_name":"Osteoporosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010024","descriptor_name":"Osteoporosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010281","descriptor_name":"Parathyroid Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012880","descriptor_name":"Skin Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013472","descriptor_name":"Sunlight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014808","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014808","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015502","descriptor_name":"Absorptiometry, Photon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015519","descriptor_name":"Bone Density","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015596","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:20063223","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20063223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:34528844","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20063223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W219816203","https://openalex.org/W657765528","https://openalex.org/W1496377345","https://openalex.org/W1747986485","https://openalex.org/W1856936153","https://openalex.org/W1934007625","https://openalex.org/W1972537853","https://openalex.org/W1977975617","https://openalex.org/W1980910404","https://openalex.org/W1989546882","https://openalex.org/W2002749521","https://openalex.org/W2003412171","https://openalex.org/W2034790239","https://openalex.org/W2068453611","https://openalex.org/W2071085607","https://openalex.org/W2073930029","https://openalex.org/W2084121999","https://openalex.org/W2085090046","https://openalex.org/W2099056728","https://openalex.org/W2099188273","https://openalex.org/W2101805185","https://openalex.org/W2105483686","https://openalex.org/W2107905356","https://openalex.org/W2113574290","https://openalex.org/W2114780089","https://openalex.org/W2118540989","https://openalex.org/W2119984899","https://openalex.org/W2134217327","https://openalex.org/W2137266781","https://openalex.org/W2141976681","https://openalex.org/W2149022507","https://openalex.org/W2150399991","https://openalex.org/W2163468378","https://openalex.org/W2240843630","https://openalex.org/W2322274315","https://openalex.org/W2514145964","https://openalex.org/W2785871563","https://openalex.org/W2794819878","https://openalex.org/W3003375233","https://openalex.org/W4243196703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143488659","https://openalex.org/W3131150963","https://openalex.org/W4360597083","https://openalex.org/W1856936153","https://openalex.org/W4416966286","https://openalex.org/W2076026915","https://openalex.org/W4230938808","https://openalex.org/W12629694","https://openalex.org/W2047736803","https://openalex.org/W2117428539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1],"OBJECTIVES:":[2],"Darker":[3],"skin":[4],"pigmentation":[5],"and":[6,68,81,87,113,157,173,190,196],"aging":[7],"are":[8],"known":[9],"factors":[10],"influencing":[11],"the":[12,31,148],"body's":[13],"ability":[14],"to":[15,29],"synthesize":[16],"adequate":[17],"amounts":[18],"of":[19,25,39,125,130,153],"vitamin":[20,66,191],"D":[21,67,192],"(25OHD).":[22],"The":[23],"objective":[24],"this":[26,185],"study":[27],"is":[28,164],"determine":[30],"25OHD":[32,109,135,139,162],"insufficiency":[33,163],"in":[34,44,118,182],"elderly":[35,169],"African":[36,170],"American":[37,171],"females":[38],"low":[40,167,188],"socioeconomic":[41],"status":[42],"(SES)":[43],"a":[45,74],"southern":[46],"latitude":[47],"during":[48],"springtime":[49,174],"sun":[50,126],"exposure.":[51,127],"METHODS:":[52],"Patients":[53],">or=":[54],"70":[55],"years":[56],"old":[57],"who":[58],"did":[59],"not":[60,178],"have":[61],"disorders":[62],"that":[63],"might":[64],"affect":[65],"calcium":[69,189],"absorption/metabolism":[70],"were":[71,85,98,141,155,159],"enrolled":[72],"at":[73,147],"community":[75],"health":[76],"center.":[77],"Serum":[78],"calcium,":[79],"25OHD,":[80],"intact":[82],"parathyroid":[83],"hormone":[84],"measured":[86],"repeated":[88],"6--8":[89,123],"weeks":[90,124],"later.":[91],"Bone":[92],"mineral":[93],"density":[94],"(BMD)":[95],"scan":[96],"results":[97],"obtained":[99],"from":[100,194],"clinic":[101],"records.":[102],"RESULTS:":[103],"Most":[104],"subjects":[105,131,154],"(86.4%)":[106],"had":[107,132,201],"inadequate":[108],"levels":[110,119,136,140],"<":[111],"32ng/mL,":[112],"no":[114],"clinically":[115],"significant":[116,180],"rise":[117],"was":[120],"seen":[121],"after":[122],"A":[128],"quarter":[129],"truly":[133],"deficient":[134],"<or=":[137],"15ng/mL.":[138],"positively":[142],"correlated":[143],"with":[144],"BMD":[145],"only":[146],"lumbar":[149],"spine.":[150],"Fifty-two":[151],"percent":[152],"osteopenic,":[156],"9%":[158],"osteoporotic.":[160],"CONCLUSIONS:":[161],"common":[165],"among":[166],"SES":[168],"women,":[172],"sunlight":[175],"exposure":[176],"does":[177],"cause":[179],"increases":[181],"25OHD.":[183],"Additionally,":[184],"population":[186],"has":[187],"intake":[193],"diet,":[195],"more":[197],"women":[198],"than":[199],"expected":[200],"reduced":[202],"BMD.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}