{"id":"https://openalex.org/W343150644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511541728.013","title":"HIV infection of the central nervous system","display_name":"HIV infection of the central nervous system","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W343150644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511541728.013","mag":"343150644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511541728.013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511541728.013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511541728.013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurotropic Viral Infections","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165006020","display_name":"Neurotropic Viral Infections"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112019513","display_name":"Iain Anthony","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iain C. Anthony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800150677","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070291466","display_name":"Peter Simmonds K","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-4700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-4700"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Simmonds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Clinical and Medical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Clinical and Medical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110028732","display_name":"Jeanne E. Bell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800150677","display_name":"Western General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009kr6r15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2800150677"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeanne E. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800150677","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86307054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"167","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.031300000846385956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infection","display_name":"HIV infection","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system","display_name":"central nervous system","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aids","display_name":"AIDS","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumocystis-jirovecii-pneumonia","display_name":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kaposi-sarcoma","display_name":"Kaposi's sarcoma","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retroviruses","display_name":"retroviruses","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-aids","display_name":"history of AIDS","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunodeficiency","display_name":"immunodeficiency","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gay-men","display_name":"gay men","score":0.4819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707292","display_name":"Asymptomatic","level":2,"score":0.7810121774673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6987923383712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.5778115391731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993443204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134478","display_name":"Pneumocystis carinii","level":4,"score":0.5377500057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189","display_name":"Titer","level":3,"score":0.46728190779685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4623855650424957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780849966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170758","display_name":"Lymph node","level":2,"score":0.45695093274116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4415399134159088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4081641137599945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3989931344985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.37894558906555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.34631478786468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.27146947383880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134478","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511541728.013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511541728.013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511541728.013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurotropic Viral Infections","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":112,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44613858","https://openalex.org/W198793397","https://openalex.org/W1490553288","https://openalex.org/W1557739730","https://openalex.org/W1571153387","https://openalex.org/W1581034429","https://openalex.org/W1586052498","https://openalex.org/W1763146100","https://openalex.org/W1817103017","https://openalex.org/W1839511109","https://openalex.org/W1974542874","https://openalex.org/W1974638282","https://openalex.org/W1976466060","https://openalex.org/W1977282539","https://openalex.org/W1977775509","https://openalex.org/W1978436252","https://openalex.org/W1979218462","https://openalex.org/W1980131626","https://openalex.org/W1980232989","https://openalex.org/W1984040884","https://openalex.org/W1987400759","https://openalex.org/W1987908238","https://openalex.org/W1995746794","https://openalex.org/W1995924099","https://openalex.org/W1997911486","https://openalex.org/W1999613356","https://openalex.org/W2000184925","https://openalex.org/W2007004955","https://openalex.org/W2007243487","https://openalex.org/W2009522911","https://openalex.org/W2011193786","https://openalex.org/W2011326882","https://openalex.org/W2011386898","https://openalex.org/W2019248029","https://openalex.org/W2022098233","https://openalex.org/W2022329288","https://openalex.org/W2024442062","https://openalex.org/W2028989559","https://openalex.org/W2029128444","https://openalex.org/W2032722583","https://openalex.org/W2033154907","https://openalex.org/W2036166112","https://openalex.org/W2037793240","https://openalex.org/W2038256546","https://openalex.org/W2042413287","https://openalex.org/W2042632237","https://openalex.org/W2044838385","https://openalex.org/W2045693758","https://openalex.org/W2045939131","https://openalex.org/W2047044941","https://openalex.org/W2047677538","https://openalex.org/W2048662892","https://openalex.org/W2050735644","https://openalex.org/W2052305221","https://openalex.org/W2059179002","https://openalex.org/W2060976872","https://openalex.org/W2062384458","https://openalex.org/W2063739560","https://openalex.org/W2064347382","https://openalex.org/W2068233660","https://openalex.org/W2070173696","https://openalex.org/W2075411991","https://openalex.org/W2075470140","https://openalex.org/W2077713919","https://openalex.org/W2079721673","https://openalex.org/W2080350299","https://openalex.org/W2083137285","https://openalex.org/W2083331853","https://openalex.org/W2086342666","https://openalex.org/W2087158265","https://openalex.org/W2090126383","https://openalex.org/W2090630729","https://openalex.org/W2091565871","https://openalex.org/W2095284151","https://openalex.org/W2098292655","https://openalex.org/W2101949400","https://openalex.org/W2102710510","https://openalex.org/W2103934951","https://openalex.org/W2104192068","https://openalex.org/W2106695034","https://openalex.org/W2109092103","https://openalex.org/W2113304454","https://openalex.org/W2113839963","https://openalex.org/W2114994968","https://openalex.org/W2116130201","https://openalex.org/W2116789308","https://openalex.org/W2121892109","https://openalex.org/W2123742848","https://openalex.org/W2125202557","https://openalex.org/W2126515754","https://openalex.org/W2128419036","https://openalex.org/W2138902434","https://openalex.org/W2144643842","https://openalex.org/W2145892618","https://openalex.org/W2151036708","https://openalex.org/W2151292912","https://openalex.org/W2152611825","https://openalex.org/W2153451281","https://openalex.org/W2154916884","https://openalex.org/W2154963941","https://openalex.org/W2160323946","https://openalex.org/W2165895151","https://openalex.org/W2167786748","https://openalex.org/W2170206314","https://openalex.org/W2187811683","https://openalex.org/W2258524519","https://openalex.org/W2314126070","https://openalex.org/W2323859250","https://openalex.org/W2327331335","https://openalex.org/W2334923455","https://openalex.org/W2351516059","https://openalex.org/W2399540849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2585591779","https://openalex.org/W7207206908","https://openalex.org/W2277838023","https://openalex.org/W1762082768","https://openalex.org/W259213830","https://openalex.org/W4388331462","https://openalex.org/W2504376678","https://openalex.org/W2061269469","https://openalex.org/W3165810866","https://openalex.org/W110198854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"History,":[0],"discovery,":[1],"and":[2,10,126,166,211],"epidemiology":[3],"On":[4],"June":[5],"4,":[6],"1981,":[7],"The":[8,63,195],"Morbidity":[9],"Mortality":[11],"Weekly":[12],"Report":[13],"from":[14,134,182],"the":[15,22,99,106,116,138,176,183],"Centers":[16],"for":[17,52],"Disease":[18],"Control":[19],"(CDC)":[20],"in":[21,44,98,198],"United":[23,100],"States":[24,101],"published":[25],"a":[26,80,180],"report":[27,82],"of":[28,86,105,120,132,147,151,186,203,214],"five":[29,68],"previously":[30,110],"healthy":[31,53,111],"young":[32,54],"men":[33],"with":[34,192],"biopsy-confirmed":[35],"pneumocystis":[36],"carinii":[37],"pneumonia":[38],"(PCP)":[39],"at":[40,175],"three":[41],"different":[42],"hospitals":[43],"Los":[45],"Angeles":[46],"[1].":[47],"It":[48],"is":[49],"extremely":[50,95],"rare":[51,96],"individuals":[55,69],"to":[56,160],"develop":[57],"PCP":[58,170],"without":[59],"an":[60,94,187],"underlying":[61],"immunodeficiency.":[62],"single":[64],"factor":[65],"linking":[66],"these":[67],"was":[70],"that":[71,205],"they":[72],"were":[73,108,115,127,153,158],"all":[74,104],"active":[75],"homosexuals.":[76],"One":[77],"month":[78],"later,":[79],"further":[81],"documented":[83],"26":[84],"cases":[85,133],"Kaposi's":[87],"sarcoma,":[88],"which":[89],"until":[90],"then":[91],"had":[92,144,169],"been":[93],"tumor":[97],"[2].":[102],"Again,":[103],"patients":[107],"young,":[109],"homosexual":[112,162],"men.":[113],"These":[114],"first":[117],"recorded":[118],"reports":[119,131,146],"Acquired":[121],"Immune":[122],"Deficiency":[123],"Syndrome":[124],"(AIDS)":[125],"quickly":[128],"followed":[129],"by":[130],"other":[135],"countries":[136],"around":[137],"world.":[139],"By":[140],"September":[141],"1982,":[142],"CDC":[143],"593":[145],"AIDS":[148],"cases,":[149],"41%":[150],"whom":[152],"already":[154],"dead.":[155],"Seventy-five":[156],"percent":[157],"known":[159],"be":[161],"or":[163],"bisexual":[164],"males,":[165],"over":[167],"half":[168],"[3].":[171],"In":[172],"1983,":[173],"workers":[174],"Pasteur":[177],"Institute":[178],"identified":[179],"virus":[181,196],"lymph":[184],"node":[185],"asymptomatic":[188],"individual":[189],"who":[190],"presented":[191],"lymphadenopathy":[193],"[4].":[194],"replicated":[197],"culture":[199],"releasing":[200],"high":[201],"titers":[202],"virions":[204],"contained":[206],"magnesium-dependent":[207],"reverse":[208],"transcriptase":[209],"activity":[210],"exhibited":[212],"features":[213],"retroviruses":[215],"on":[216],"electron":[217],"microscopy.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
