{"id":"https://openalex.org/W34154047","doi":null,"title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: relationship to insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. Treatment approaches using vitamin E, magnesium, and betaine.","display_name":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: relationship to insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. Treatment approaches using vitamin E, magnesium, and betaine.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W34154047","mag":"34154047","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12197781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12197781","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12197781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108557731","display_name":"Lyn Patrick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lyn Patrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["lpatrick@frontier.net"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"lpatrick@frontier.net","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108557731"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8167963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"276","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11207","display_name":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10966","display_name":"Liver physiology and pathology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease","display_name":"non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis","display_name":"nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-damage","display_name":"mitochondrial damage","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-steatosis","display_name":"hepatic steatosis","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-e","display_name":"vitamin E","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium","display_name":"magnesium","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betaine","display_name":"betaine","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-fibrosis","display_name":"liver fibrosis","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/necroinflammation","display_name":"necroinflammation","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.7009999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546498","display_name":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","level":4,"score":0.8321755528450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.8129310011863708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365091","display_name":"Steatosis","level":2,"score":0.7310435175895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.6566417217254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.6457041501998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6402201056480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777248517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72052841","display_name":"Betaine","level":2,"score":0.5861870050430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5492314696311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4909854233264923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709","display_name":"Fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.4274018704891205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.4254208207130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778772119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058862","display_name":"Fatty liver","level":3,"score":0.4089190363883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.3969759941101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.36185944080352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3353419303894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.29593366384506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.18998414278030396}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001622","descriptor_name":"Betaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005234","descriptor_name":"Fatty Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008082","descriptor_name":"Lipotropic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008274","descriptor_name":"Magnesium","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014810","descriptor_name":"Vitamin E","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018384","descriptor_name":"Oxidative Stress","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12197781","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12197781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.516.149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.516.149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/7/4/276.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:34154047","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12197781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73429258","https://openalex.org/W199013364","https://openalex.org/W881161943","https://openalex.org/W962596978","https://openalex.org/W1488731255","https://openalex.org/W1502813670","https://openalex.org/W1518970136","https://openalex.org/W1522553235","https://openalex.org/W1542036482","https://openalex.org/W1603443559","https://openalex.org/W1866688344","https://openalex.org/W1963532951","https://openalex.org/W1968928657","https://openalex.org/W1970570571","https://openalex.org/W1972111746","https://openalex.org/W1979590516","https://openalex.org/W1982254200","https://openalex.org/W1982578021","https://openalex.org/W1983417944","https://openalex.org/W1985559199","https://openalex.org/W1988567736","https://openalex.org/W1988901034","https://openalex.org/W1991680565","https://openalex.org/W1996559225","https://openalex.org/W1997604868","https://openalex.org/W1998128793","https://openalex.org/W2001262301","https://openalex.org/W2001956527","https://openalex.org/W2002502142","https://openalex.org/W2003403665","https://openalex.org/W2005115638","https://openalex.org/W2012541030","https://openalex.org/W2015814720","https://openalex.org/W2015977503","https://openalex.org/W2017806523","https://openalex.org/W2018404966","https://openalex.org/W2020011791","https://openalex.org/W2020505711","https://openalex.org/W2034982710","https://openalex.org/W2035783792","https://openalex.org/W2035877503","https://openalex.org/W2036407627","https://openalex.org/W2037282007","https://openalex.org/W2038383230","https://openalex.org/W2040109162","https://openalex.org/W2045429376","https://openalex.org/W2049416794","https://openalex.org/W2053528170","https://openalex.org/W2055796324","https://openalex.org/W2064781483","https://openalex.org/W2065788317","https://openalex.org/W2080353970","https://openalex.org/W2082299629","https://openalex.org/W2083549154","https://openalex.org/W2087011218","https://openalex.org/W2087265885","https://openalex.org/W2089953270","https://openalex.org/W2090623873","https://openalex.org/W2092268077","https://openalex.org/W2092860379","https://openalex.org/W2093316549","https://openalex.org/W2093496134","https://openalex.org/W2094430270","https://openalex.org/W2099072886","https://openalex.org/W2118142139","https://openalex.org/W2119442484","https://openalex.org/W2125624346","https://openalex.org/W2126339806","https://openalex.org/W2136180212","https://openalex.org/W2138360166","https://openalex.org/W2141158324","https://openalex.org/W2144178804","https://openalex.org/W2153904080","https://openalex.org/W2156116850","https://openalex.org/W2157162247","https://openalex.org/W2161557446","https://openalex.org/W2162051951","https://openalex.org/W2164716675","https://openalex.org/W2166232508","https://openalex.org/W2167743390","https://openalex.org/W2170161804","https://openalex.org/W2235284735","https://openalex.org/W2316603027","https://openalex.org/W2412379910","https://openalex.org/W2582763176","https://openalex.org/W2615637571","https://openalex.org/W2736387589","https://openalex.org/W2793605074","https://openalex.org/W2798125601","https://openalex.org/W2883358148","https://openalex.org/W2889102314","https://openalex.org/W2892135951","https://openalex.org/W2917319769","https://openalex.org/W2921828292","https://openalex.org/W2963551987","https://openalex.org/W3009208237","https://openalex.org/W3018402319","https://openalex.org/W3035022442","https://openalex.org/W3047301857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099527962","https://openalex.org/W2123856468","https://openalex.org/W2075947120","https://openalex.org/W185097309","https://openalex.org/W1981419458","https://openalex.org/W2007516026","https://openalex.org/W2162051951","https://openalex.org/W2233256283","https://openalex.org/W3081550315","https://openalex.org/W2086665567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonalcoholic":[0],"steatotic":[1],"hepatitis":[2],"(NASH),":[3],"the":[4,13,38,58],"most":[5],"prevalent":[6],"form":[7],"of":[8,22,37,60],"progressive":[9],"liver":[10],"disease":[11],"in":[12,32,40,44],"United":[14],"States,":[15],"is":[16,27,34,66],"considered":[17],"to":[18,51,53],"be":[19],"a":[20,35],"manifestation":[21],"insulin":[23,47],"resistance":[24],"syndrome.":[25],"There":[26],"increasing":[28],"evidence":[29],"that":[30,72],"steatosis":[31,50],"NASH":[33],"result":[36],"pathology":[39],"fat":[41],"metabolism":[42],"occurring":[43],"obesity":[45],"and":[46,55,80],"resistance.":[48],"For":[49],"progress":[52],"necroinflammation":[54],"fibrosis,":[56],"however,":[57],"theory":[59],"mitochondrial":[61],"oxidative-stress":[62],"induced":[63],"cellular":[64],"damage":[65],"receiving":[67],"wide":[68],"acceptance.":[69],"Treatment":[70],"approaches":[71],"address":[73],"these":[74],"etiologies":[75],"are":[76],"reviewed:":[77],"betaine,":[78],"magnesium,":[79],"vitamin":[81],"E.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}