{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3411426","doi":null,"title":"Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Developed and Developing Countries: Converging Characteristics?","display_name":"Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Developed and Developing Countries: Converging Characteristics?","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3411426","mag":"3411426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:drm:wpaper:2013-34","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://economix.fr/pdf/dt/2013/WP_EcoX_2013-34.pdf","pdf_url":"http://economix.fr/pdf/dt/2013/WP_EcoX_2013-34.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04141177","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049170043","display_name":"Christian Milelli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126321","display_name":"EconomiX","ror":"https://ror.org/02j4j8p35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I40434647","https://openalex.org/I4210126321","https://openalex.org/I4210150854"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milelli, Christian","raw_affiliation_strings":["EconomiX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EconomiX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047848724","display_name":"Alice Nicole Sindzingre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-520X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-520X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126321","display_name":"EconomiX","ror":"https://ror.org/02j4j8p35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I40434647","https://openalex.org/I4210126321","https://openalex.org/I4210150854"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sindzingre, Alice Nicole","raw_affiliation_strings":["EconomiX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EconomiX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13473","display_name":"Economic Zones and Regional Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-outward-foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"Chinese outward foreign direct investment","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fdi-determinants","display_name":"determinants of FDI","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oli-framework","display_name":"OLI framework","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-seeking-motives","display_name":"market-seeking motives","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenfield-investment","display_name":"greenfield investment","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mergers-and-acquisitions","display_name":"mergers and acquisitions","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-costs","display_name":"labor costs","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-s-wto-accession","display_name":"China WTO accession","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-america","display_name":"Latin America","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developed-and-developing-countries","display_name":"developed and developing countries","score":0.6399999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7688562273979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.7529798746109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.7367523908615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778221078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567586","display_name":"Accession","level":3,"score":0.6244250535964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5900797247886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160050368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132453","display_name":"Developed country","level":3,"score":0.4917786419391632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4679597318172455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4584142863750458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4365565776824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.359102725982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30936795473098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1622978150844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.1414259672164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10976791381835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:drm:wpaper:2013-34","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://economix.fr/pdf/dt/2013/WP_EcoX_2013-34.pdf","pdf_url":"http://economix.fr/pdf/dt/2013/WP_EcoX_2013-34.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01411752v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.parisnanterre.fr/hal-01411752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"24th Chinese Economic Association (CEA-UK) and 5th CEA (Europe) Annual Conference, 2013, The Hague, Netherlands","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04141177v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04141177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2013","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04141177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04141177/document","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oskar-bordeaux.fr:20.500.12278/133880","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oskar-bordeaux.fr/handle/20.500.12278/133880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402569","display_name":"Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Communication dans un congr\u00e8s avec actes"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04141177v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04141177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2013","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11305386","https://openalex.org/W590900727","https://openalex.org/W1496157386","https://openalex.org/W1532028737","https://openalex.org/W1544588855","https://openalex.org/W1557582810","https://openalex.org/W1561146891","https://openalex.org/W1582407831","https://openalex.org/W1584765781","https://openalex.org/W1585205680","https://openalex.org/W1590402019","https://openalex.org/W1591029004","https://openalex.org/W1859621879","https://openalex.org/W1894820068","https://openalex.org/W1967684488","https://openalex.org/W1975271666","https://openalex.org/W1978176727","https://openalex.org/W1979968159","https://openalex.org/W1993160729","https://openalex.org/W1996775729","https://openalex.org/W2000362515","https://openalex.org/W2007642415","https://openalex.org/W2009151866","https://openalex.org/W2018924224","https://openalex.org/W2021396181","https://openalex.org/W2028460001","https://openalex.org/W2051222472","https://openalex.org/W2054756340","https://openalex.org/W2056003345","https://openalex.org/W2056692057","https://openalex.org/W2062277106","https://openalex.org/W2073845040","https://openalex.org/W2094092453","https://openalex.org/W2114265465","https://openalex.org/W2116987605","https://openalex.org/W2132220970","https://openalex.org/W2135433666","https://openalex.org/W2136039427","https://openalex.org/W2140254662","https://openalex.org/W2144844739","https://openalex.org/W2152722707","https://openalex.org/W2157774440","https://openalex.org/W2158506274","https://openalex.org/W2161636745","https://openalex.org/W2163592666","https://openalex.org/W2167529697","https://openalex.org/W2174559154","https://openalex.org/W2183650735","https://openalex.org/W2184052973","https://openalex.org/W2194853366","https://openalex.org/W2204557220","https://openalex.org/W2205025872","https://openalex.org/W2240804465","https://openalex.org/W2320454046","https://openalex.org/W2342011422","https://openalex.org/W2410474513","https://openalex.org/W2768374948","https://openalex.org/W2784830979","https://openalex.org/W3121243395","https://openalex.org/W3121919835","https://openalex.org/W3122065824","https://openalex.org/W3124283242","https://openalex.org/W3124703400","https://openalex.org/W3136928157","https://openalex.org/W3138377669","https://openalex.org/W3143181937","https://openalex.org/W3144938678","https://openalex.org/W4253090946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025203192","https://openalex.org/W7014599620","https://openalex.org/W3033922353","https://openalex.org/W2473322961","https://openalex.org/W2978642462","https://openalex.org/W7130511829","https://openalex.org/W3151366358","https://openalex.org/W2588929342","https://openalex.org/W921464348","https://openalex.org/W3124131790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,50,140,230],"spectacular":[1],"surge":[2],"in":[3,30,73,85,91,109,151,179,194,210,225,242,270,277,279],"Chinese":[4,57,71,107,149,192,221,234,288],"outward":[5],"foreign":[6],"direct":[7],"investment":[8,83],"(OFDI)":[9],"has":[10,252],"been":[11],"reinforced":[12],"by":[13,48,200,220,286],"China's":[14,206],"accession":[15],"to":[16,104,157],"the":[17,35,54,124,146,176],"WTO":[18],"(2001).":[19],"understanding":[21],"of":[22,56,81,126,129,148,233,257],"their":[23,99,158],"determinants":[24,55,147],"remains":[25],"a":[26,68,187,255],"key":[27],"theoretical":[28],"question,":[29],"particular":[31,278],"whether":[32],"they":[33,160],"confirm":[34],"standard":[36],"conceptual":[37],"framework":[38],"-":[39,262,266],"\u2018ownership',":[40],"\u2018location',":[41],"\u2018internalisation'":[42],"(OLI)":[43],"and":[44,62,90,111,117,132,134,168,170,227,236,263],"\u2018linkages'":[45],"(augmenting":[46],"competences":[47],"learning).":[49],"paper":[51],"argues":[52],"that":[53,144,249],"OFDI":[58,72,108,150,193],"change":[59],"over":[60],"time":[61],"converge":[63],"toward":[64,115],"global":[65],"strategies,":[66],"via":[67],"comparison":[69,141],"between":[70],"developed":[74,110,152,180,212,226],"countries":[75,93,113,153,181,196,213,244],"(based":[76],"on":[77],"an":[78],"original":[79],"database":[80],"1800":[82],"operations":[84],"Europe":[86],"from":[87],"2002":[88],"onwards)":[89],"developing":[92,112,190,195,228,243],"(Sub-Saharan":[94],"Africa,":[95],"Latin":[96],"America).":[97],"While":[98],"impacts":[100],"indeed":[101],"vary":[102],"according":[103],"countries'":[105],"contexts,":[106],"converges":[114],"complex":[116],"similar":[118],"motives,":[119,175],"become":[120,254],"more":[121,136],"mature":[122],"through":[123],"combination":[125],"various":[127,293],"modes":[128],"entry":[130],"(greenfield":[131],"mergers-and-acquisitions),":[133],"exhibit":[135],"commonalities":[137],"than":[138],"differences.":[139],"thus":[142],"demonstrates":[143],"while":[145],"were":[154],"initially":[155],"access":[156,251],"markets,":[159],"now":[161],"include":[162],"efficiency-seeking":[163],"motives":[164,202,265],"(dispersing":[165],"design,":[166],"R&D":[167],"production)":[169],"assets-seeking":[171,264],"(or":[172],"augmenting":[173],"assets)":[174],"latter's":[177],"prevalence":[178],"(e.g.,":[182,245],"patents,":[183],"skills,":[184],"brands)":[185],"remaining":[186],"contrast":[188],"with":[189,260],"countries.":[191,229],"is":[197,284],"mostly":[198],"driven":[199,219,285],"resource-seeking":[201],"(strategic":[203],"inputs":[204],"for":[205,274],"growth),":[207],"but":[208],"also":[209],"resource-endowed":[211],"(Australia,":[214],"Canada).":[215],"Large":[216],"investments":[217],"are":[218],"state-backed":[222],"firms":[223,289],"both":[224],"growing":[231],"number":[232],"small":[235],"medium":[237],"private":[238],"enterprises":[239],"which":[240],"invest":[241],"Sub-Saharan":[246],"Africa)":[247],"shows":[248],"market":[250],"increasingly":[253],"determinant":[256],"OFDI,":[258],"together":[259],"efficiency":[261],"rising":[267],"labour":[268],"costs":[269],"China":[271],"being":[272],"incentives":[273],"relocating":[275],"abroad,":[276],"labour-intensive":[280],"sectors":[281],"where":[282],"competitiveness":[283],"prices.":[287],"often":[290],"conduct":[291],"these":[292],"strategies":[294],"simultaneously.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}