{"id":"https://openalex.org/W339930103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada542526","title":"Hard Power and Soft Power: The Utility of Military Force as an Instrument of Policy in the 21st Century","display_name":"Hard Power and Soft Power: The Utility of Military Force as an Instrument of Policy in the 21st Century","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W339930103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada542526","mag":"339930103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21236/ada542526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada542526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada542526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"US Dept of the Army","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015089353349","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053628120","display_name":"Collin S. Gray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Collin S. Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053628120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-power","display_name":"hard power","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-power","display_name":"soft power","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-personnel","display_name":"military personnel","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-policy-instruments","display_name":"foreign policy instruments","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/use-of-force","display_name":"use of force","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/21st-century-international-relations","display_name":"21st century international relations","score":0.7129999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178601582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143951","display_name":"Soft power","level":3,"score":0.7537370920181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6631753444671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382513","display_name":"Hard power","level":4,"score":0.5987072587013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3288594186306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32383936643600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32206815481185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2675146758556366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20000869035720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14461573958396912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.07805684208869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.07164826989173889}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21236/ada542526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada542526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada542526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"US Dept of the Army","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:quod.lib.umich.edu:MIU01-009867715","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015089353349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064297","display_name":"University of Michigan Library Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:quod.lib.umich.edu:MIU01-009867715","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015089353349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064297","display_name":"University of Michigan Library Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319342447","https://openalex.org/W6980235431","https://openalex.org/W2966854325","https://openalex.org/W2897191091","https://openalex.org/W4410286649","https://openalex.org/W3203703216","https://openalex.org/W2290493782","https://openalex.org/W4299355010","https://openalex.org/W4312469833","https://openalex.org/W7113225454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\"April":[0],"2011.\"":[1]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-30T09:27:27.532063","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
