{"id":"https://openalex.org/W339282917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2963-4","title":"Enhancing women's participation in economic development","display_name":"Enhancing women's participation in economic development","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W339282917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2963-4","mag":"339282917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/0-8213-2963-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2963-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2963-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"World Bank","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"World Bank","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9444,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97202487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13040","display_name":"Gender, Education, and Development Issues","score":0.7509999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13040","display_name":"Gender, Education, and Development Issues","score":0.7509999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.24300000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-economic-participation","display_name":"women's economic participation","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-development","display_name":"gender and development","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-empowerment","display_name":"women's empowerment","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-education","display_name":"women's education","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health","display_name":"women's health","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-labor","display_name":"wage labor","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-employment","display_name":"agricultural employment","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-management","display_name":"natural resource management","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-mainstreaming","display_name":"gender mainstreaming","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-justice","display_name":"social justice","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-for-women","display_name":"barriers for women","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertility-decline","display_name":"fertility decline","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-survival","display_name":"child survival","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-development","display_name":"women in development","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-the-labour-market","display_name":"women in the labour market","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-agriculture","display_name":"women in agriculture","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35553887486457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3226904273033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2851833701133728}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1596/0-8213-2963-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2963-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2963-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628},{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.833299994468689}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.5099999904632568}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16363958","https://openalex.org/W25424800","https://openalex.org/W32338685","https://openalex.org/W50082584","https://openalex.org/W73074554","https://openalex.org/W244148776","https://openalex.org/W315557693","https://openalex.org/W587795774","https://openalex.org/W593582543","https://openalex.org/W614906103","https://openalex.org/W643961286","https://openalex.org/W1492336019","https://openalex.org/W1494476535","https://openalex.org/W1518344958","https://openalex.org/W1527910696","https://openalex.org/W1536276396","https://openalex.org/W1557024375","https://openalex.org/W1560034758","https://openalex.org/W1561484984","https://openalex.org/W1596387151","https://openalex.org/W1601102380","https://openalex.org/W1820140803","https://openalex.org/W1991706832","https://openalex.org/W1998676602","https://openalex.org/W1999294644","https://openalex.org/W2010680040","https://openalex.org/W2011217837","https://openalex.org/W2023031703","https://openalex.org/W2028693798","https://openalex.org/W2053966777","https://openalex.org/W2056265365","https://openalex.org/W2066341893","https://openalex.org/W2086508981","https://openalex.org/W2122577538","https://openalex.org/W2153957443","https://openalex.org/W2171708735","https://openalex.org/W2171968944","https://openalex.org/W2242130285","https://openalex.org/W2256041181","https://openalex.org/W2310755256","https://openalex.org/W2333589922","https://openalex.org/W2334619439","https://openalex.org/W2808459313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187655163","https://openalex.org/W7220012664","https://openalex.org/W3023022490","https://openalex.org/W4399336258","https://openalex.org/W2235025988","https://openalex.org/W2804670266","https://openalex.org/W2809789530","https://openalex.org/W6923841793","https://openalex.org/W7217474494","https://openalex.org/W2591680255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"No":[0],"AccessStand":[1],"Alone":[2],"Books1":[3],"Feb":[4],"2013Enhancing":[5],"women's":[6],"participation":[7,27],"in":[8,28,80,98,112,147,183,207,213,236,273,355,364,433,489,509,518,526,530,542,548,581,600],"economic":[9,56],"developmentAuthors/Editors:":[10],"World":[11,310,327,473],"BankWorld":[12],"Bankhttps://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-2963-4SectionsAboutPDF":[13],"(0.3":[14],"MB)":[15],"ToolsAdd":[16],"to":[17,55,72,84,100,122,165,170,337,349,494,500,534],"favoritesDownload":[18],"CitationsTrack":[19],"Citations":[20],"ShareFacebookTwitterLinked":[21],"In":[22,77],"Abstract:Enhancing":[23],"women":[24,53,81,93,137,206,226,272,578],"'":[25,138],"s":[26,139],"development":[29,148,208,214,594],"is":[30,82,180,505],"essential":[31],"not":[32,155],"only":[33],"for":[34,40,52,160,455,564],"achieving":[35],"social":[36],"justice":[37],"but":[38],"also":[39,200],"reducing":[41],"poverty.":[42],"Worldwide":[43],"experience":[44],"shows":[45],"clearly":[46],"that":[47,167,216],"supporting":[48],"a":[49,142,202,211,256,497],"stronger":[50],"role":[51],"contributes":[54],"growth,":[57],"it":[58,67],"improves":[59],"child":[60],"survival":[61],"and":[62,66,101,115,124,126,133,191,195,223,227,229,243,294,305,322,341,352,396,416,426,448,486,514,525,605,621,630,635],"overall":[63],"family":[64],"health,":[65,116,187],"reduces":[68],"fertility,":[69],"thus":[70],"helping":[71],"slow":[73],"population":[74],"growth":[75],"rates.":[76],"short,":[78],"investing":[79],"central":[83],"sustainable":[85],"development.":[86,104],"And":[87],"yet,":[88],"despite":[89],"these":[90],"known":[91],"returns,":[92],"still":[94],"face":[95],"many":[96],"barriers":[97,106],"contributing":[99],"benefiting":[102],"from":[103,522],"The":[105,198],"begin":[107],"with":[108,119],"comparatively":[109],"low":[110],"investment":[111],"female":[113],"education":[114],"they":[117,127],"continue":[118],"restricted":[120],"access":[121],"services":[123],"assets,":[125],"are":[128],"made":[129],"worse":[130],"by":[131],"legal":[132],"regulatory":[134],"constraints":[135],"on":[136,287,393,561,579],"opportunities.":[140],"As":[141],"result,":[143],"the":[144,150,205,220,237,241,274,309,326,394,403,417,427,434,449,501,531,539],"worlwide":[145],"progress":[146],"over":[149],"last":[151],"three":[152],"decades":[153],"has":[154],"translated":[156],"into":[157,218,593],"proportional":[158],"gains":[159],"women.":[161],"This":[162],"paper":[163,199],"points":[164],"actions":[166,242],"can":[168],"help":[169],"turn":[171],"around":[172],"this":[173],"inequitable":[174],"situation.":[175],"Evidence":[176],"of":[177,204,225,232,239,245,271,284,346,360,370,384,387,398,414,419,430,438,446,451,458,466,479,496,503,552,559,568,575,577,584],"what":[178],"works":[179],"particularly":[181],"strong":[182],"five":[184],"areas:":[185],"education,":[186],"wage":[188],"labor,":[189],"agriculture":[190],"natural":[192],"resource":[193],"management,":[194],"financial":[196],"services.":[197],"suggests":[201],"broadening":[203],"approach":[209],"toward":[210],"gender":[212,592],"strategy":[215],"takes":[217],"account":[219],"relative":[221],"roles":[222,576],"responsibilities":[224],"men":[228,246],"recognizes":[230],"that,":[231],"effect":[233],"long-term":[234],"change":[235],"conditions":[238],"women,":[240],"attitudes":[244],"must":[247],"change.":[248],"FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetailsCited":[249],"byAn\u00e1lisis":[250],"del":[251],"empoderamiento":[252],"de":[253,258,261],"la":[254],"mujer":[255],"trav\u00e9s":[257],"\u00edndices":[259],"burs\u00e1tiles":[260],"sostenibilidadInvestigaciones":[262],"Feministas,":[263],"Vol.12,":[264,280],"No.218":[265],"June":[266,344,463],"2021Typical":[267],"socio-economic":[268],"behavioural":[269],"orientations":[270],"Tatarstan":[275],"labour":[276],"marketVESTNIK":[277],"INSTITUTA":[278],"SOTZIOLOGII,":[279],"No.11":[281],"January":[282],"2021Impacts":[283],"Dengue":[285],"Epidemics":[286],"Household":[288],"Labor":[289],"Market":[290,371],"OutcomesApplied":[291],"Economic":[292],"Perspectives":[293],"Policy,":[295],"Vol.41,":[296],"No.44":[297],"December":[298,590],"2018Mainstreaming":[299,316],"as":[300,317],"rhetoric":[301,318],"or":[302,319],"reality?":[303,320],"Gender":[304,321,377,475,488,498,540,547,569],"global":[306,323],"health":[307,324,580],"at":[308,325],"BankWellcome":[311,328],"Open":[312,329],"Research,":[313,330],"Vol.326":[314],"February":[315],"Vol.317":[331],"August":[332,411,483],"2018Intergenerational":[333],"Practice:":[334],"An":[335],"Approach":[336],"Implementing":[338],"Sustainable":[339,353],"Development":[340,351,354,459,511],"Environmental":[342],"Justice21":[343],"2016Effect":[345],"Women":[347,401,508],"Empowerment":[348],"Community":[350],"Nigeria:":[356],"'A":[357],"Case":[358],"Study":[359,383],"Ghauta":[361],"Day":[362],"Festival":[363],"Kaduna":[365],"State'SSRN":[366],"Electronic":[367,545],"JournalWomen's":[368],"VoicesReview":[369],"Integration,":[372],"Vol.6,":[373],"No.17":[374],"April":[375,391],"2015Reconstructing":[376],"Norms":[378],"Through":[379],"Ritual":[380],"Communication:":[381],"A":[382],"African":[385],"TransformationJournal":[386],"Communication,":[388],"Vol.61,":[389],"No.21":[390],"2011Building":[392],"Diversity":[395],"Multiculturalism":[397],"Health":[399,431,439],"Professional":[400],"Around":[402],"WorldPolicy,":[404],"Politics,":[405,480],"&":[406,586,617,625],"Nursing":[407],"Practice,":[408],"Vol.11,":[409],"No.22":[410],"2010The":[412],"Concentration":[413],"Disadvantage":[415],"Rise":[418],"an":[420],"Urban":[421,423],"Penalty:":[422],"Slum":[424],"Prevalence":[425],"Social":[428],"Production":[429],"Inequalities":[432],"Developing":[435,543],"CountriesInternational":[436],"Journal":[437,457,478,551,567,583],"Services,":[440],"Vol.39,":[441],"No.41":[442],"October":[443],"2009The":[444],"?Feminisation":[445],"Poverty?":[447],"?Feminisation?":[450],"Anti-Poverty":[452],"Programmes:":[453],"Room":[454],"Revision?The":[456],"Studies,":[460,570],"Vol.44,":[461],"No.25":[462],"2008The":[464],"Imperative":[465],"Male":[467],"Inclusion:":[468],"How":[469],"Institutional":[470],"Context":[471],"Influences":[472],"Bank":[474],"PolicyInternational":[476],"Feminist":[477],"Vol.9,":[481],"No.314":[482],"2007IntroductionWomen,":[484],"Gender,":[485],"DevelopmentMainstreaming":[487],"International":[490,553],"OrganizationsFrom":[491],"\"Home":[492],"Economics\"":[493],"\"Microfinance\"Contributions":[495],"Perspective":[499],"Analysis":[502],"PovertyWhat":[504],"Justice?":[506],"Indigenous":[507],"Andean":[510],"ProjectsGender":[512],"Equity":[513],"Rural":[515],"Land":[516],"Reform":[517],"ChinaUnequal":[519],"RightsOn":[520],"Loan":[521],"HomeIn":[523],"Theory":[524],"PracticeWomen's":[527],"WorkWomen's":[528],"Movements":[529],"Globalizing":[532],"WorldT\u2013Shirts":[533],"Web":[535],"LinksEmpowerment":[536],"Just":[537],"HappenedBibliographyBridging":[538],"Gap":[541],"RegionsSSRN":[544],"JournalMainstreaming":[546],"Global":[549],"GovernanceEuropean":[550],"Relations,":[554],"Vol.8,":[555],"No.324":[556],"July":[557,613],"2016Impact":[558,574],"Technology":[560],"Women:":[562],"Strategies":[563],"Non-formal":[565],"EducationIndian":[566],"Vol.7,":[571],"No.113":[572],"September":[573],"IndiaInternational":[582],"Gynecology":[585],"Obstetrics,":[587],"Vol.58,":[588],"No.116":[589],"1997Fitting":[591],"institutionsWorld":[595],"Development,":[596,608],"Vol.25,":[597],"No.7Male-female":[598],"differences":[599],"agricultural":[601],"productivity:":[602],"Methodological":[603],"issues":[604],"empirical":[606],"evidenceWorld":[607],"Vol.24,":[609],"No.10":[610],"View":[611],"Published:":[612],"1994ISBN:":[614],"978-0-8213-2963-4":[615],"Copyright":[616],"Permissions":[618],"Related":[619],"RegionsAfricaEurope":[620],"Central":[622],"AsiaLatin":[623],"America":[624],"CaribbeanSouth":[626],"AsiaRelated":[627],"CountriesBangladeshIndiaRomaniaRelated":[628],"TopicsEducationFinance":[629],"Financial":[631],"Sector":[632],"DevelopmentGenderHealth":[633],"Nutrition":[634],"Population":[636],"KeywordsWOMEN":[637],"*":[638,643,646],"S":[639,644,647],"PARTICIPATIONWOMEN":[640],"IN":[641,650],"DEVELOPMENTWOMEN":[642],"EDUCATIONWOMEN":[645],"HEALTH":[648],"SERVICESWOMEN":[649],"AGRICULTURESOCIAL":[651],"INEQUALITYPOVERTY":[652],"MITIGATIONFAMILY":[653],"HEALTHFERTILITY":[654],"DECLINEENHANCING":[655],"WOMENFUTURE":[656],"GENERATIONSGENDER":[657],"GAPSGENDER":[658],"ISSUESLABOR":[659],"FORCENATURAL":[660],"RESOURCESREGULATORY":[661],"BARRIERSSAFE":[662],"MOTHERHOODSENSITIVE":[663],"POLICIESSUSTAINABLE":[664],"DEVELOPMENT":[665],"PDF":[666],"DownloadLoading":[667],"...":[668]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}