{"id":"https://openalex.org/W336401962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2015.1122703","title":"Taking China private: The Carlyle Group, leveraged buyouts and financial capitalism in Greater China","display_name":"Taking China private: The Carlyle Group, leveraged buyouts and financial capitalism in Greater China","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W336401962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2015.1122703","mag":"336401962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00076791.2015.1122703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2015.1122703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2015.1122703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S942037226","display_name":"Business History","issn_l":"0007-6791","issn":["0007-6791","1743-7938"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2487546","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007094837","display_name":"Douglas J. Cumming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-6112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-6112"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Cumming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schulich School of Business, York University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schulich School of Business, York University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058190111","display_name":"Grant Alan Fleming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-5588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-5588"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grant Fleming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continuity Capital Partners, Canberra, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continuity Capital Partners, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007094837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0587,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91018656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"3","first_page":"345","last_page":"363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11903","display_name":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","score":0.6284000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11903","display_name":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","score":0.6284000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.24500000476837158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.11159999668598175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leveraged-buyouts","display_name":"leveraged buyouts","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carlyle-group","display_name":"Carlyle Group","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-capitalism","display_name":"financial capitalism","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-ownership","display_name":"state ownership","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-relationships","display_name":"stakeholder relations","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-context","display_name":"institutional environment","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-private-sector","display_name":"Chinese private sector","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-specific-resources","display_name":"firm-specific resources","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45971065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058381","display_name":"Leveraged buyout","level":3,"score":0.8466527462005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6718991994857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6470998525619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5622788667678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139569457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666223","display_name":"Intermediary","level":2,"score":0.5235528349876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.5175454020500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382097","display_name":"Resource-based view","level":3,"score":0.4719140827655792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.45222336053848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71110296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476115","display_name":"Private equity","level":2,"score":0.4290156066417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.42282044887542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.371548056602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.36901193857192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.32425838708877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2750470042228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.19823145866394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.13717356324195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.10791513323783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00076791.2015.1122703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2015.1122703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2015.1122703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S942037226","display_name":"Business History","issn_l":"0007-6791","issn":["0007-6791","1743-7938"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2487546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2487546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2487546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:bushst:v:58:y:2016:i:3:p:345-363","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00076791.2015.1122703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2487546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2487546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2487546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320431","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75823245","https://openalex.org/W165141548","https://openalex.org/W263964551","https://openalex.org/W594883447","https://openalex.org/W1521199236","https://openalex.org/W1557191411","https://openalex.org/W1614957981","https://openalex.org/W1727657675","https://openalex.org/W1842671123","https://openalex.org/W1952586206","https://openalex.org/W1969618589","https://openalex.org/W1978901853","https://openalex.org/W2000143373","https://openalex.org/W2006782680","https://openalex.org/W2008183290","https://openalex.org/W2011501493","https://openalex.org/W2030635392","https://openalex.org/W2031604332","https://openalex.org/W2033016749","https://openalex.org/W2036893360","https://openalex.org/W2055279893","https://openalex.org/W2067658324","https://openalex.org/W2081876190","https://openalex.org/W2082445366","https://openalex.org/W2088940933","https://openalex.org/W2092769766","https://openalex.org/W2096718584","https://openalex.org/W2099577057","https://openalex.org/W2101418055","https://openalex.org/W2110996625","https://openalex.org/W2121866549","https://openalex.org/W2147099231","https://openalex.org/W2147663237","https://openalex.org/W2149193000","https://openalex.org/W2176027092","https://openalex.org/W2226759261","https://openalex.org/W2257237264","https://openalex.org/W2270239185","https://openalex.org/W2320446155","https://openalex.org/W2324109338","https://openalex.org/W2479223759","https://openalex.org/W2607207837","https://openalex.org/W2738868431","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2791870397","https://openalex.org/W2902126333","https://openalex.org/W3021172388","https://openalex.org/W3021889044","https://openalex.org/W3077233569","https://openalex.org/W3121248298","https://openalex.org/W3121522673","https://openalex.org/W3121759882","https://openalex.org/W3122282597","https://openalex.org/W3122537419","https://openalex.org/W3124463244","https://openalex.org/W3124747412","https://openalex.org/W3124980001","https://openalex.org/W3125564258","https://openalex.org/W4236339377","https://openalex.org/W4244583336","https://openalex.org/W4245826925","https://openalex.org/W4245984971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384837991","https://openalex.org/W2358729972","https://openalex.org/W7162305834","https://openalex.org/W2279659711","https://openalex.org/W36169609","https://openalex.org/W2082445366","https://openalex.org/W2361981776","https://openalex.org/W7164898328","https://openalex.org/W7207569104","https://openalex.org/W3175425629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"analyses":[2],"the":[3,27,39,72,82,89],"introduction":[4],"of":[5,46,66,74,84,113],"leveraged":[6,16,94],"buyouts":[7],"in":[8,23,38],"China":[9],"and":[10,29,36,57,69,102],"Taiwan.":[11],"It":[12],"focuses":[13],"on":[14,71],"how":[15],"buyout":[17,95],"firms":[18,86,96],"(foreign":[19],"financial":[20],"intermediaries)":[21],"operate":[22],"institutional":[24,100],"environments":[25],"where":[26],"state":[28],"family":[30],"blockholder":[31],"groups":[32],"are":[33],"important":[34],"owners":[35],"stakeholders":[37],"private":[40],"sector.":[41],"The":[42],"Carlyle":[43],"Group\u2019s":[44],"acquisition":[45],"three":[47],"companies":[48],"\u2013":[49,61],"Xugong":[50],"Group":[51],"Construction":[52],"Machinery;":[53],"Advanced":[54],"Semiconductor":[55],"Engineering;":[56],"Ta":[58],"Chong":[59],"Bank":[60],"provide":[62],"empirical":[63],"case":[64],"studies":[65],"stakeholder":[67],"receptiveness":[68],"views":[70],"value":[73],"Carlyle\u2019s":[75],"firm":[76],"specific":[77],"resources.":[78],"We":[79],"find":[80],"that":[81],"ability":[83],"target":[85],"to":[87,106,110],"exploit":[88],"resource":[90],"advantages":[91],"brought":[92],"by":[93,104],"requires":[97],"a":[98,111],"supportive":[99],"framework":[101],"willingness":[103],"intermediaries":[105],"adapt":[107],"their":[108],"strategies":[109],"range":[112],"stakeholders\u2019":[114],"claims.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
