{"id":"https://openalex.org/W336122279","doi":null,"title":"Regional Trends of Agricultural Restructuring in Canada","display_name":"Regional Trends of Agricultural Restructuring in Canada","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W336122279","mag":"336122279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:336122279","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cjrs-rcsr.org/archives/22-3/Parson.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764433534","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Regional Science","issn_l":"0705-4580","issn":["0705-4580","1925-2218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Regional Science","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064195994","display_name":"Helen E. Parson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Helen E. Parson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064195994"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07578558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"343","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.9345999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.9345999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11862","display_name":"Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development","score":0.03739999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12033","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Policy","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-restructuring","display_name":"agricultural restructuring","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-size","display_name":"farm size","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-specialization","display_name":"agricultural specialization","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-productivity","display_name":"agricultural productivity","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-disparities","display_name":"regional disparities","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canadian-provinces","display_name":"Canadian provinces","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-change","display_name":"land use change","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-agriculture","display_name":"commercial agriculture","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canadian-agriculture","display_name":"Canadian agriculture","score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-economic-change","display_name":"regional economic change","score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-extension","display_name":"agricultural extension","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.696967601776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6964912414550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156005406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2787508","display_name":"Subsistence agriculture","level":3,"score":0.6368025541305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66900465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176512","display_name":"Agricultural revolution","level":3,"score":0.6133406162261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41866144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202398","display_name":"Industrialisation","level":2,"score":0.5885122418403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.4214520752429962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41570985317230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.37668853998184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3097097873687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2785145044326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.18243950605392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.16040045022964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08723530173301697}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:336122279","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cjrs-rcsr.org/archives/22-3/Parson.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764433534","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Regional Science","issn_l":"0705-4580","issn":["0705-4580","1925-2218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Regional Science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5365999937057495,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W615627589","https://openalex.org/W1514368244","https://openalex.org/W1587084829","https://openalex.org/W1990267242","https://openalex.org/W2014665793","https://openalex.org/W2022562125","https://openalex.org/W2027039264","https://openalex.org/W2052770942","https://openalex.org/W2055793498","https://openalex.org/W2075239876","https://openalex.org/W2081353641","https://openalex.org/W2104853339","https://openalex.org/W2330707035","https://openalex.org/W2498779327","https://openalex.org/W2561377956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079209092","https://openalex.org/W1431481505","https://openalex.org/W7099843402","https://openalex.org/W2120067275","https://openalex.org/W1561205259","https://openalex.org/W58530311","https://openalex.org/W2990436271","https://openalex.org/W1543477436","https://openalex.org/W2138123338","https://openalex.org/W2081353641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agriculture,":[0],"like":[1],"other":[2],"economic":[3,377,394],"sectors":[4],"in":[5,41,98,126,199,269,318,355,381,389,399,450,502,509,556],"the":[6,36,46,49,75,84,92,95,105,110,129,136,147,163,175,200,208,221,237,262,264,281,289,292,295,299,322,326,351,373,383,390,406,411,424,457,488,557],"developed":[7,356],"world,":[8],"has":[9,43,171,431,477,500],"experienced":[10,315],"significant":[11],"structural":[12],"change":[13,39,59,170,404],"over":[14,321],"recent":[15,71,337],"decades":[16,72],"as":[17,104,183,429],"farm":[18,548],"size,":[19],"intensity,":[20],"capitalisation":[21],"and":[22,89,91,102,179,277,298,333,371,385,418,445,454,483,498,508,532],"specialisation":[23],"have":[24,205,313,358],"dramatically":[25],"moved":[26],"from":[27,45,119,162,207,241,410],"traditional":[28],"to":[29,48,121,128,146,182,193,228,243,253,280,367,405,517],"industrial":[30,137],"configurations.":[31],"From":[32],"an":[33,433],"historical":[34],"perspective,":[35],"rate":[37],"of":[38,57,70,77,87,94,107,124,135,149,168,202,223,261,271,330,350,375,387,392,413,427,459,491,536],"occurring":[40],"agriculture":[42,142,388,430,476],"varied":[44],"imperceptible":[47],"dramatic":[50,169],"with":[51,336,468],"many":[52,114,219,285,465],"writers":[53],"recognising":[54],"three":[55],"periods":[56],"great":[58],"or":[60,186,378,522],"agricultural":[82,112,156,194,203,319,338,352,403],"revolutions":[62],"(Troughton":[63,189],"1986;":[64],"Bowler":[65],"1":[66],"992).":[67],"The":[68,80,165],"developments":[69],"make":[73],"up":[74],"latest":[76],"these":[78,212,519],"revolutions.":[79],"first":[81,265],"revolution,":[83,113],"prehistoric":[85],"domestication":[86],"crops":[88],"animals":[90],"development":[93,458],"plough,":[96],"resulted":[97,206,501],"farming":[99,117],"replacing":[100,511],"hunting":[101],"gathering":[103],"basis":[106],"subsistence.":[108],"With":[109,273,474],"second":[111],"centuries":[115],"later,":[116],"changed":[118],"subsistence":[120],"commercial":[122,141],"modes":[123],"production":[125,549],"response":[127],"growing":[130,425],"urban":[131],"markets":[132,447],"arising":[133],"out":[134,535],"revolution.":[138],"This":[139],"new":[140,520],"diffused":[143],"rap":[144],"idly":[145],"areas":[148,303],"overseas":[150],"colonisation":[151],"including":[152,288,494],"Canada":[153],"where":[154],"most":[155,259,558],"settlement":[157],"by":[158],"Europeans":[159],"was":[160],"market-oriented":[161],"start.":[164],"third":[166],"period":[167,240],"occurred":[172],"since":[173],"about":[174],"Second":[176],"World":[177],"War":[178],"is":[180,227,423,525],"referred":[181],"'agricultural":[184],"industrialisation":[185],"restructuring":[195,209,239,339,353],"1982).":[190],"Theory":[191],"relating":[192],"suggests":[196],"that":[197,304,464],"changes":[198,214],"spatialpatterns":[201],"activity":[204,320],"process.":[210],"While":[211],"spatial":[213],"can":[215],"be":[216],"examined":[217],"at":[218],"scales,":[220],"purpose":[222],"this":[224,400],"research":[225],"note":[226],"analyse":[229],"broad,":[230],"Canada-wide,":[231],"adjustments":[232],"using":[233],"provincial-level":[234],"data":[235],"for":[236,415],"post-war":[238],"1951":[242],"1991.":[244],"Agricultural":[245],"Reslructuring":[246],"Tremendous":[247],"diversity":[248],"characterises":[249],"Canada's":[250],"geography":[251],"contributing":[252],"on-going":[254],"regional":[255,444],"disparity":[256],"problems.":[257],"In":[258,421],"parts":[260],"country,":[263],"non-Native":[266],"immigrants":[267],"came":[268],"search":[270],"farmland.":[272],"very":[274],"different":[275],"technology":[276],"priorities":[278],"compared":[279],"present,":[282],"they":[283],"settled":[284],"land":[286,524],"types":[287],"southern":[290],"Shield,":[291],"uplands":[293],"throughout":[294],"Maritime":[296],"provinces":[297],"northern":[300],"Clay":[301],"Belts,":[302],"are":[305,471],"now":[306],"considered":[307],"agriculturally":[308],"unsuitable.":[309],"These":[310,363],"regions,":[311],"which":[312],"all":[314],"precipitous":[316],"declines":[317],"twentieth":[323],"century,":[324],"illustrate":[325],"increasing":[327],"relative":[328],"disadvantage":[329],"certain":[331],"locations":[332,452],"environments":[334],"associated":[335],"(Mandale":[340],"1984;":[341],"Parson":[342],"1979,":[343],"1990;":[344,438],"Troughton":[345],"1982-83,":[346],"1988).":[347],"Many":[348],"theories":[349,364],"process":[354],"countries":[357],"been":[359],"proposed":[360],"(Pierce":[361],"1994).":[362],"take":[365],"large":[366],"small":[368,466],"scale":[369],"approaches":[370],"examine":[372],"contribution":[374],"political,":[376],"individual":[379],"factors":[380],"reshaping":[382],"structure":[384],"role":[386],"context":[391],"broader":[393],"change.":[395],"An":[396],"important":[397],"theme":[398],"work":[401],"relates":[402],"productivity":[407],"gains":[408],"resulting":[409],"substitution":[412],"capital":[414,510],"labour":[416],"(Hayami":[417],"Ruttan":[419],"1985).":[420],"terrelated":[422],"significance":[426],"agribusiness":[428],"become":[432,478],"increasingly":[434,472,479,550],"international":[435],"pursuit":[436],"(Commins":[437],"Found":[439],"1996;":[440],"LeHeron":[441],"1993).":[442],"Although":[443],"local":[446],"still":[448],"exist":[449],"urban-centred":[451],"(Bryant":[453],"Johnston":[455],"1992),":[456],"global":[460],"food":[461],"systems":[462],"means":[463],"producers":[467],"limited":[469],"resources":[470],"marginalised.":[473],"restructuring,":[475],"intensive,":[480],"spatially":[481],"concentrated":[482],"specialised":[484],"(Bowler":[485],"1992).":[486],"Intensification,":[487],"increased":[489],"use":[490],"off-farm":[492],"inputs":[493],"machinery,":[495],"chemicals,":[496],"hybrids":[497],"technology,":[499],"significantly":[503],"higher":[504],"per":[505],"hectare":[506],"output":[507],"labour.":[512],"Farmers":[513],"who":[514],"cannot":[515],"afford":[516],"adopt":[518],"technologies":[521],"whose":[523],"unsuited,":[526],"enter":[527],"a":[528,543],"cyclical":[529],"downward":[530],"spiral":[531],"eventually":[533],"go":[534],"business":[537],"(Beattie":[538],"et":[539],"al":[540],"1981).":[541],"Concentration,":[542],"related":[544],"outcome,":[545],"translates":[546],"into":[547],"focused":[551],"on":[552],"fewer,":[553],"larger":[554],"farms":[555],"productive":[559],"regions.":[560],"\u2026":[561]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}