{"id":"https://openalex.org/W334486567","doi":null,"title":"Harm Reduction as an Alcohol-Prevention Strategy.","display_name":"Harm Reduction as an Alcohol-Prevention Strategy.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W334486567","mag":"334486567","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31798177","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6876518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6876518","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6876518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alcohol Health Res World","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6876518","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073439182","display_name":"Eric W. Single","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799308120","display_name":"Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction","ror":"https://ror.org/04wm4pe30","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799308120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric Single","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eric Single, Ph.D., is director of policy and research, Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (CCSA), and professor of preventive medicine and biostatistics, University of Toronto. The CCSA Policy and Research Unit is an affiliate of the Centre for Health Promotion at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eric Single, Ph.D., is director of policy and research, Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (CCSA), and professor of preventive medicine and biostatistics, University of Toronto. The CCSA Policy and Research Unit is an affiliate of the Centre for Health Promotion at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I2799308120"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073439182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I2799308120"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52141464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"239","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11207","display_name":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm-reduction","display_name":"harm reduction","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-prevention","display_name":"alcohol prevention","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-related-harm","display_name":"alcohol-related harm","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-drinking","display_name":"heavy drinking","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-availability-restrictions","display_name":"alcohol availability restrictions","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-alcohol-consumption","display_name":"moderate drinking","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-related-injuries","display_name":"alcohol-related injuries","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-problems","display_name":"drinking problems","score":0.6430000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529928208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458711","display_name":"Harm reduction","level":3,"score":0.836726188659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7447819709777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5482627749443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.5379235744476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019635848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154","display_name":"Alcohol consumption","level":3,"score":0.4838961064815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994007011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632064","display_name":"Drug prevention","level":3,"score":0.45301443338394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4271341860294342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.41961869597435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.396109014749527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3853622376918793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.32387006282806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2983182668685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40010229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Substance abuse","level":2,"score":0.2227509617805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20881175994873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0817045271396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07040196657180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0645272433757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6876518","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6876518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alcohol Health Res World","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31798177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31798177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alcohol health and research world","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:334486567","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31798177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6876518","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6876518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alcohol Health Res World","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36295561","https://openalex.org/W1138945231","https://openalex.org/W1551794449","https://openalex.org/W1974788927","https://openalex.org/W2001542418","https://openalex.org/W2020995725","https://openalex.org/W2023826098","https://openalex.org/W2024425541","https://openalex.org/W2030653946","https://openalex.org/W2071138844","https://openalex.org/W2078957910","https://openalex.org/W2087023858","https://openalex.org/W2092890717","https://openalex.org/W2130819834","https://openalex.org/W2315875886","https://openalex.org/W2938727509","https://openalex.org/W2970009221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1923719047","https://openalex.org/W3123757287","https://openalex.org/W3169269704","https://openalex.org/W1261242356","https://openalex.org/W29492125","https://openalex.org/W1968710375","https://openalex.org/W1967787020","https://openalex.org/W7160614326","https://openalex.org/W2113041994","https://openalex.org/W2338087971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Harm-reduction":[0,47],"programs,":[1],"first":[2],"developed":[3],"in":[4,31,43],"an":[5,118],"attempt":[6],"to":[7,19,49,52],"mitigate":[8],"the":[9,26,44,54,75,102],"adverse":[10],"consequences":[11,56],"of":[12,57,70,77,105,137],"illicit":[13,32],"drug":[14,33],"use,":[15],"can":[16],"be":[17,36,117],"applied":[18],"alcohol-prevention":[20,45],"programs":[21],"as":[22,88],"well.":[23],"In":[24,109],"fact,":[25],"movement":[27],"toward":[28],"harm":[29,114],"reduction":[30,115],"prevention":[34],"may":[35,84,116],"closely":[37],"paralleled":[38],"by":[39,60],"a":[40],"similar":[41],"trend":[42],"field.":[46],"approaches":[48],"alcohol":[50,95,107],"aim":[51],"diminish":[53],"negative":[55],"intoxication":[58],"(e.g.,":[59],"using":[61],"special":[62],"glassware":[63],"that":[64,113],"breaks":[65],"into":[66],"fine":[67],"particles":[68],"instead":[69],"sharp":[71],"pieces,":[72],"thus":[73],"reducing":[74],"chance":[76],"injury":[78],"during":[79],"pub":[80],"fights).":[81],"Such":[82],"measures":[83],"receive":[85],"increased":[86],"attention":[87],"public":[89],"support":[90],"declines":[91],"for":[92],"restrictions":[93],"on":[94,101,125],"availability":[96],"and":[97],"new":[98],"evidence":[99],"emerges":[100],"potential":[103],"benefits":[104],"moderate":[106],"consumption.":[108,138],"addition,":[110],"analyses":[111],"suggest":[112],"efficient":[119],"approach,":[120],"because":[121],"it":[122],"often":[123],"focuses":[124],"minimizing":[126],"heavy-drinking":[127],"occasions,":[128],"which":[129],"predict":[130],"drinking":[131],"problems":[132],"more":[133],"strongly":[134],"than":[135],"level":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
