{"id":"https://openalex.org/W333964837","doi":null,"title":"Biotechnology and the Patent System: Balancing Innovation and Property Rights","display_name":"Biotechnology and the Patent System: Balancing Innovation and Property Rights","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W333964837","mag":"333964837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aei:rpbook:42396","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aei.org/publication/biotechnology-and-the-patent-system","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056669138","display_name":"Claude Barfield","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Barfield","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083905160","display_name":"John E. Calfee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John E. Calfee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79126214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.021400000900030136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-patents","display_name":"biotechnology patents","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-reform","display_name":"patent law reform","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"intellectual property","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-system","display_name":"patent system","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-industry","display_name":"biotechnology industry","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.6552746295928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5044220685958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86511162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799101","display_name":"Property rights","level":2,"score":0.43825945258140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3749203085899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3329069912433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22996172308921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1785075068473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11861306428909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.09217667579650879}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aei:rpbook:42396","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aei.org/publication/biotechnology-and-the-patent-system","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016368356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016368356&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:333964837","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB15113078","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113490272","https://openalex.org/W1494819482","https://openalex.org/W1506302384","https://openalex.org/W1508577345","https://openalex.org/W1522442230","https://openalex.org/W1522670635","https://openalex.org/W1526514260","https://openalex.org/W1530265405","https://openalex.org/W1546165410","https://openalex.org/W1550746057","https://openalex.org/W1577726433","https://openalex.org/W1593316358","https://openalex.org/W1608347417","https://openalex.org/W1618972009","https://openalex.org/W1927664716","https://openalex.org/W1927917781","https://openalex.org/W1973413989","https://openalex.org/W1978022688","https://openalex.org/W1985445270","https://openalex.org/W1986368888","https://openalex.org/W1998350760","https://openalex.org/W1999425136","https://openalex.org/W2001975302","https://openalex.org/W2004646308","https://openalex.org/W2006202974","https://openalex.org/W2007488747","https://openalex.org/W2009975233","https://openalex.org/W2010857707","https://openalex.org/W2015100942","https://openalex.org/W2016898700","https://openalex.org/W2017488605","https://openalex.org/W2043109761","https://openalex.org/W2044424923","https://openalex.org/W2060037920","https://openalex.org/W2071713779","https://openalex.org/W2077043067","https://openalex.org/W2081205543","https://openalex.org/W2083634851","https://openalex.org/W2084013789","https://openalex.org/W2084110222","https://openalex.org/W2085470299","https://openalex.org/W2087875034","https://openalex.org/W2092641801","https://openalex.org/W2107254376","https://openalex.org/W2109476496","https://openalex.org/W2109630943","https://openalex.org/W2118692971","https://openalex.org/W2121175754","https://openalex.org/W2124724042","https://openalex.org/W2124988683","https://openalex.org/W2126885422","https://openalex.org/W2127230663","https://openalex.org/W2131270121","https://openalex.org/W2133573244","https://openalex.org/W2139161626","https://openalex.org/W2146384083","https://openalex.org/W2149908785","https://openalex.org/W2150278133","https://openalex.org/W2161483044","https://openalex.org/W2164309399","https://openalex.org/W2166987116","https://openalex.org/W2167284803","https://openalex.org/W2168751125","https://openalex.org/W2226396244","https://openalex.org/W2298130499","https://openalex.org/W2312804644","https://openalex.org/W2324410652","https://openalex.org/W2339692629","https://openalex.org/W2413682254","https://openalex.org/W2499596741","https://openalex.org/W2570963335","https://openalex.org/W2790589093","https://openalex.org/W2889869725","https://openalex.org/W3121261658","https://openalex.org/W3121554629","https://openalex.org/W3121696461","https://openalex.org/W3123436685","https://openalex.org/W3124826012","https://openalex.org/W3150203343","https://openalex.org/W3150219574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2258111046","https://openalex.org/W7100572609","https://openalex.org/W123780751","https://openalex.org/W4232363853","https://openalex.org/W6996386359","https://openalex.org/W1528294999","https://openalex.org/W2313470456","https://openalex.org/W2056901989","https://openalex.org/W1518376618","https://openalex.org/W6995533595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"book":[1],"offers":[2],"a":[3],"timely":[4],"discussion":[5],"of":[6],"biotechnology":[7],"patent":[8],"reform.":[9]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}