{"id":"https://openalex.org/W33116053","doi":null,"title":"Apple harvesting and non-immigrant alien workers in West Virginia: An economic analysis.","display_name":"Apple harvesting and non-immigrant alien workers in West Virginia: An economic analysis.","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W33116053","mag":"33116053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:33116053","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19901877425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508155","display_name":"Dissertation Abstracts International. A, Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertation Abstracts International. A, Humanities and Social Sciences","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086425944","display_name":"Kofi Adu\u2010Nyako","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kofi Adu\u2010Nyako","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086425944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00524445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apple-harvesting","display_name":"apple picking","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-labor","display_name":"agricultural labor","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-labour-migration","display_name":"agricultural labor migration","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-supply","display_name":"labor supply","score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-economics","display_name":"agricultural economics","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-virginia","display_name":"West Virginia","score":0.8880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200724805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990792","display_name":"Alien","level":4,"score":0.8186094760894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.7551215291023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4822869598865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020306683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371","display_name":"West virginia","level":2,"score":0.4720098674297333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2405548393726349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.20495924353599548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1927783191204071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1897236406803131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.12312397360801697}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:33116053","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19901877425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508155","display_name":"Dissertation Abstracts International. A, Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertation Abstracts International. A, Humanities and Social Sciences","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273325276","https://openalex.org/W1505275482","https://openalex.org/W1624273091","https://openalex.org/W1970748824","https://openalex.org/W1971486864","https://openalex.org/W2001883356","https://openalex.org/W2019809239","https://openalex.org/W2030697847","https://openalex.org/W2062885120","https://openalex.org/W2111866019","https://openalex.org/W2111952648","https://openalex.org/W2119413684","https://openalex.org/W2130517543","https://openalex.org/W2131114480","https://openalex.org/W2160980183","https://openalex.org/W2296056828","https://openalex.org/W2328743066","https://openalex.org/W2407608263","https://openalex.org/W2509702274","https://openalex.org/W2592473005","https://openalex.org/W2747226248","https://openalex.org/W2754507867","https://openalex.org/W2780306969","https://openalex.org/W2791317427","https://openalex.org/W2810611688","https://openalex.org/W2891494529","https://openalex.org/W2917963890","https://openalex.org/W2934323532","https://openalex.org/W2948892679","https://openalex.org/W2977332845","https://openalex.org/W3039468764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W246541987","https://openalex.org/W103662224","https://openalex.org/W2907600507","https://openalex.org/W6991846916","https://openalex.org/W2091247807","https://openalex.org/W7112688083","https://openalex.org/W2007191196","https://openalex.org/W2889706480","https://openalex.org/W2062959310","https://openalex.org/W2524334221"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
