{"id":"https://openalex.org/W33114372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.40.2.193","title":"Branding Iron: Eugen Sandow\u2019s \u201cModern\u201d Marketing Strategies, 1887-1925","display_name":"Branding Iron: Eugen Sandow\u2019s \u201cModern\u201d Marketing Strategies, 1887-1925","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W33114372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.40.2.193","mag":"33114372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5406/jsporthistory.40.2.193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.40.2.193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.40.2.193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47234952","display_name":"Journal of Sport History","issn_l":"0094-1700","issn":["0094-1700","2155-8450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315680","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315680"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Illinois Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082315284","display_name":"Dominic G. Morais","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dominic G. Morais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082315284"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9344094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"193","last_page":"214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13025","display_name":"American History and Culture","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13025","display_name":"American History and Culture","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Physical Education and Sports Studies","score":0.04879999905824661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13355","display_name":"Marketing and Advertising Strategies","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugen-sandow","display_name":"Eugen Sandow","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-branding","display_name":"personal branding","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing-strategy","display_name":"marketing strategy","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-culture","display_name":"physical culture","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bodybuilding","display_name":"bodybuilding","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-centers","display_name":"fitness centers","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-equipment","display_name":"exercise equipment","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-products","display_name":"health products","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/celebrity-endorsement","display_name":"celebrity endorsement","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arnold-schwarzenegger","display_name":"Arnold Schwarzenegger","score":0.9160000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.6711357235908508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173483453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1040689","display_name":"Synonym (taxonomy)","level":3,"score":0.6671715974807739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.665237307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2437467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378701","display_name":"Perfection","level":2,"score":0.5787644386291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5441376566886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5162894129753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.44282495975494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41050195693969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21950197219848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1958928108215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08521309494972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157369684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34740","display_name":"Genus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5406/jsporthistory.40.2.193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.40.2.193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.40.2.193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47234952","display_name":"Journal of Sport History","issn_l":"0094-1700","issn":["0094-1700","2155-8450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315680","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315680"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Illinois Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.trinity.edu:busadmin_faculty-1056","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/busadmin_faculty/54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196476","display_name":"Digital Commons - Trinity University (Trinity University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60060512","host_organization_name":"Trinity University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60060512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"School of Business Faculty Research","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/525095","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/125/article/525095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148585306","https://openalex.org/W325398981","https://openalex.org/W361369969","https://openalex.org/W380042909","https://openalex.org/W412757960","https://openalex.org/W583366799","https://openalex.org/W583643393","https://openalex.org/W597063193","https://openalex.org/W598736854","https://openalex.org/W599888937","https://openalex.org/W605205372","https://openalex.org/W608736755","https://openalex.org/W617665445","https://openalex.org/W617777748","https://openalex.org/W634662181","https://openalex.org/W645798413","https://openalex.org/W1502483230","https://openalex.org/W1508656942","https://openalex.org/W1518085492","https://openalex.org/W1520408289","https://openalex.org/W1521537162","https://openalex.org/W1535249429","https://openalex.org/W1543911362","https://openalex.org/W1575836056","https://openalex.org/W1592080430","https://openalex.org/W1603069285","https://openalex.org/W1607137273","https://openalex.org/W1967670095","https://openalex.org/W1975420306","https://openalex.org/W1980616411","https://openalex.org/W1983113006","https://openalex.org/W1983700718","https://openalex.org/W1993487060","https://openalex.org/W2003116935","https://openalex.org/W2015097274","https://openalex.org/W2024135870","https://openalex.org/W2024666124","https://openalex.org/W2025449825","https://openalex.org/W2029441542","https://openalex.org/W2037198108","https://openalex.org/W2041827429","https://openalex.org/W2043814169","https://openalex.org/W2046892604","https://openalex.org/W2051388078","https://openalex.org/W2054906873","https://openalex.org/W2059814908","https://openalex.org/W2068496289","https://openalex.org/W2081040743","https://openalex.org/W2081626989","https://openalex.org/W2084977447","https://openalex.org/W2090012643","https://openalex.org/W2095287333","https://openalex.org/W2096649762","https://openalex.org/W2129852015","https://openalex.org/W2148219776","https://openalex.org/W2154611637","https://openalex.org/W2166803313","https://openalex.org/W2335410170","https://openalex.org/W2417928552","https://openalex.org/W2970400203","https://openalex.org/W3008819312","https://openalex.org/W3009386522","https://openalex.org/W3115392039","https://openalex.org/W3135217132","https://openalex.org/W4243483877","https://openalex.org/W4289259325","https://openalex.org/W4292928596","https://openalex.org/W4301158286","https://openalex.org/W4302086183","https://openalex.org/W4392951271","https://openalex.org/W6669715344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766614066","https://openalex.org/W4417307270","https://openalex.org/W7062464756","https://openalex.org/W4387352690","https://openalex.org/W571493440","https://openalex.org/W3033005258","https://openalex.org/W2560055824","https://openalex.org/W2125017565","https://openalex.org/W7130734869","https://openalex.org/W2948859785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Eugen":[1],"Sandow":[2,20,34,60,92,109],"was":[3,22],"a":[4,26,40,47,94,127],"professional":[5],"strongman":[6],"who":[7],"started":[8],"his":[9,15,62,80,101,111,117],"theatrical":[10],"career":[11],"in":[12,17,97,113],"1887.":[13],"Upon":[14],"retirement":[16],"1903,":[18],"the":[19,74,107,124,142],"name":[21,118],"known":[23],"internationally":[24],"as":[25],"synonym":[27],"for":[28,130],"strength,":[29],"health,":[30],"and":[31,53,65,76,119,144],"bodily":[32],"perfection.":[33],"used":[35],"this":[36],"popularity":[37],"to":[38,67,85,99,115,132],"market":[39,116],"number":[41],"of":[42,79],"different":[43],"products":[44,121],"including":[45],"books,":[46],"magazine,":[48],"health":[49,55],"clubs,":[50],"exercise":[51],"equipment,":[52],"miscellaneous":[54],"products.":[56],"Although":[57],"literature":[58],"on":[59],"documents":[61],"cultural":[63],"influences":[64],"continues":[66],"grow,":[68],"none":[69],"specifically":[70],"or":[71],"comprehensively":[72],"address":[73],"business":[75],"marketing":[77],"aspects":[78],"career.":[81],"This":[82],"paper":[83,125],"attempts":[84],"fill":[86],"that":[87,91],"void.":[88],"It":[89],"argues":[90],"utilized":[93],"three-pronged":[95],"strategy":[96],"order":[98,114],"establish":[100],"personal":[102],"brand.":[103],"Furthermore,":[104],"it":[105],"examines":[106],"way":[108],"leveraged":[110],"brand":[112],"other":[120,135],"worldwide.":[122],"Finally,":[123],"is":[126],"starting":[128],"point":[129],"others":[131],"examine":[133],"ways":[134],"popular":[136],"physical":[137],"culturists":[138],"like":[139],"Bob":[140],"Hoffman,":[141],"Weiders,":[143],"Arnold":[145],"Schwarzenegger":[146],"marketed":[147],"their":[148],"brands.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}