{"id":"https://openalex.org/W326668476","doi":null,"title":"The Legal Status of Employees of Private Military/Security Companies Participating in U.N. Peacekeeping Operations","display_name":"The Legal Status of Employees of Private Military/Security Companies Participating in U.N. Peacekeeping Operations","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W326668476","mag":"326668476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:275673","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/275673/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259220","host_organization_name":"Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1178&context=njihr","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078938875","display_name":"Mohamad Ghazi Janaby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1530-5734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1530-5734"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Ghazi Janaby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Law","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078938875"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2901,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95625391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"82","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.053599998354911804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-military-and-security-companies","display_name":"private military and security companies","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-status","display_name":"legal status","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/un-peacekeeping","display_name":"UN peacekeeping","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/montreux-document","display_name":"Montreux Document","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-humanitarian-law","display_name":"international humanitarian law","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mercenaries","display_name":"mercenaries","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-military-companies","display_name":"private military companies","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183761623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10954043","display_name":"Peacekeeping","level":2,"score":0.7467687129974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.7025421857833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5122396349906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.36970388889312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3510683476924896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3273162841796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28971460461616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1443837285041809}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:275673","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/275673/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259220","host_organization_name":"Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu:njihr-1178","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr/vol13/iss1/4","pdf_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1178&context=njihr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Northwestern Journal of Human Rights","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:326668476","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-legal-status-of-employees-of-private-militarysecurity-compani","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764691335","display_name":"Northwestern University journal of international human rights","issn_l":"1549-828X","issn":["1549-828X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316702","host_organization_name":"Northwestern University School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Northwestern University School of Law"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Northwestern University journal of international human rights","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu:njihr-1178","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr/vol13/iss1/4","pdf_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1178&context=njihr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Northwestern Journal of Human Rights","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W326668476.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W326668476.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098460470","https://openalex.org/W2518573830","https://openalex.org/W563773562","https://openalex.org/W122090963","https://openalex.org/W4256172377","https://openalex.org/W3118103759","https://openalex.org/W2778915231","https://openalex.org/W3165603742","https://openalex.org/W2284039383","https://openalex.org/W222316936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"terminology":[1],"varies,":[2],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"follows":[5],"the":[6,70,99,111,135],"Montreux":[7,89,168],"document":[8],"in":[9,32,163],"defining":[10],"PMSCs":[11],"as":[12,43],"private":[13,129,132,136,139,141,145,150],"business":[14],"entities":[15],"that":[16],"provide":[17],"military":[18,133,146,151,153],"and/or":[19],"security":[20,29,66,130,137,160],"services,":[21],"irrespective":[22],"of":[23,38,52,62,69,85,98,114,183],"how":[24],"they":[25],"describe":[26],"themselves.Military":[27],"and":[28,36,40,46,50,57,65,94,105,162,175,186],"services":[30],"include,":[31],"particular,":[33],"armed":[34],"guarding":[35],"protection":[37],"persons":[39],"objects,":[41],"such":[42],"convoys,":[44],"buildings":[45],"other":[47,126],"places;":[48],"maintenance":[49],"operation":[51],"weapons":[53],"systems;":[54],"prisoner":[55],"detention;":[56],"advice":[58],"to":[59,123,181],"or":[60,148],"training":[61],"local":[63],"forces":[64],"personnel.Int'l":[67],"Comm.":[68],"Red":[71],"(Sept.17,":[72],"2008).For":[73],"more":[74],"information":[75],"on":[76,91,170],"state":[77],"practices":[78],"with":[79],"PMSCs,":[80],"see":[81],"generally":[82],"Swiss":[83],"Fed.Dep't":[84],"Foreign":[86],"Affairs,":[87],"The":[88],"Document":[90,169],"Private":[92,184],"Military":[93,185],"Security":[95,187],"Companies:":[96],"Proceedings":[97],"Regional":[100],"Workshop":[101],"for":[102,110,178],"North":[103],"East":[104],"Central":[106],"Asia,":[107],"Geneva":[108],"Centre":[109],"Democratic":[112],"Control":[113],"Armed":[115,190],"Forces,":[116],"available":[117],"at":[118],"http://www.dcaf.ch/Publications/The-Montreux-Document-on-Private-Military-and-Security-Companies-Proceedings-of-the-Regional-Workshop-for-North-East-and-Central-Asia.This":[119],"definition":[120],"is":[121],"meant":[122],"encompass":[124],"what":[125],"scholars":[127],"call":[128],"companies,":[131],"firms,":[134,149,161],"industry,":[138],"contractors,":[140,152],"armies,":[142,144],"privatized":[143],"corporation":[147],"service":[154,157],"providers,":[155,158],"non-lethal":[156],"corporate":[159],"some":[164],"cases,":[165],"mercenaries.":[166],"Cross,":[167],"Pertinent":[171],"International":[172],"Legal":[173],"Obligations":[174],"Good":[176],"Practices":[177],"States":[179],"related":[180],"Operations":[182],"Companies":[188],"during":[189],"Conflict":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
