{"id":"https://openalex.org/W32573207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4229/25theupvsec2010-1dv.2.22","title":"Characterisation of Local Al-BSF Formation for PERC Solar Cell Structures","display_name":"Characterisation of Local Al-BSF Formation for PERC Solar Cell Structures","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W32573207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4229/25theupvsec2010-1dv.2.22","mag":"32573207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-156379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-156379.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer ISE","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-156379.html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045940448","display_name":"F.S. Grasso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grasso, F.S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003214407","display_name":"L. Gautero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gautero, L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002819290","display_name":"J. Rentsch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/05hkkdn48","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rentsch, J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Society, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Society, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049950240","display_name":"R. Preu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-5303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-5303"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/05hkkdn48","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preu, R.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Society, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Society, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lanzafame, R.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lanzafame, R.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91129548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"371","last_page":"374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11853","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and interfaces","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perc-solar-cells","display_name":"PERC solar cells","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/back-surface-field","display_name":"back surface field","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-contacts","display_name":"point contacts","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-profiles","display_name":"temperature profiles","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-width","display_name":"contact width","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backside-metallization","display_name":"backside metallization","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cell-passivation","display_name":"solar cell passivation","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5920740962028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.5030671954154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.40850672125816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.3972533941268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14422863721847534}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-156379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-156379.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer ISE","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/368659","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/368659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"doi:10.4229/25theupvsec2010-1dv.2.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4229/25theupvsec2010-1dv.2.22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4229/25theupvsec2010-1dv.2.22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053010","display_name":"EU PVSEC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"mag:32573207","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.eupvsec-proceedings.com/proceedings?paper=7258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421319","display_name":"World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-156379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-156379.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer ISE","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3156349845","https://openalex.org/W2049178101","https://openalex.org/W2342822607","https://openalex.org/W2272326034","https://openalex.org/W86425922","https://openalex.org/W7026765479","https://openalex.org/W2137682700","https://openalex.org/W2121062791","https://openalex.org/W2902974913","https://openalex.org/W2769579743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Silicon":[0],"wafers":[1,45],"still":[2],"represent":[3],"a":[4,21,64,118],"significant":[5],"part":[6],"of":[7,10,41,57,70,75,97,104,120,123,143,146,156,169,175,194,212],"the":[8,38,55,58,68,76,83,95,98,121,124,139,144,153,157,170,173,184,192,195,210,213],"costs":[9],"current":[11],"solar":[12,71],"modules.":[13],"Passivated":[14],"Emitter":[15],"and":[16,111,134,162],"Rear":[17],"Cells":[18],"(PERC)":[19],"are":[20,52],"very":[22],"promising":[23],"technology":[24],"in":[25,172,209],"comparison":[26],"to":[27,90,93,177,190],"conventional":[28],"cells.":[29,214],"In":[30,88],"this":[31],"study":[32],"PERC":[33],"point":[34],"like":[35],"contacts":[36,78,171],"at":[37,82,138],"back":[39],"surface":[40],"p-type":[42],"CZ":[43],"silicon":[44],"realized":[46],"with":[47,135,202],"an":[48],"industrial":[49],"feasible":[50],"technique":[51],"investigated.":[53],"Since":[54],"formation":[56,96],"Back":[59],"Surface":[60],"Field":[61],"(BSF)":[62],"is":[63,149,188],"critical":[65],"step":[66],"for":[67,167],"performance":[69,211],"cells,":[72],"cross":[73],"sections":[74],"local":[77],"have":[79],"been":[80],"analyzed":[81],"Scanning":[84],"Electron":[85],"Microscope":[86],"(SEM).":[87],"order":[89],"investigate":[91],"how":[92],"control":[94],"BSF,":[99],"two":[100],"different":[101,112],"pastes":[102,158],"consisting":[103],"pure":[105],"aluminium":[106],"particles":[107],"were":[108,115],"screen":[109],"printed":[110],"thermal":[113],"profiles":[114,128,148],"applied.":[116],"As":[117],"function":[119],"width":[122],"contacts,":[125],"three":[126],"major":[127],"can":[129,205],"be":[130],"observed:":[131],"triangular,":[132],"trapezoidal":[133],"rounded":[136],"edges":[137],"sides.":[140],"An":[141],"explanation":[142],"origin":[145],"these":[147],"offered":[150],"here.":[151],"Concerning":[152],"results,":[154],"one":[155],"allows":[159],"achieving":[160],"thicker":[161],"more":[163],"homogenous":[164],"BSF":[165,196],"layers":[166],"widths":[168],"range":[174],"120":[176],"190":[178],"Bm.":[179],"This":[180],"investigation":[181],"shows":[182],"that":[183],"present":[185],"optical":[186],"characterization":[187],"helpful":[189],"characterize":[191],"thickness":[193],"and,":[197],"hence,":[198],"its":[199],"synergic":[200],"use":[201],"electrical":[203],"investigations":[204],"bring":[206],"about":[207],"enhancements":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}