{"id":"https://openalex.org/W32560160","doi":null,"title":"Implementing the Western Climate Initiative: a deeper look at the short-term impacts in BC","display_name":"Implementing the Western Climate Initiative: a deeper look at the short-term impacts in BC","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W32560160","mag":"32560160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:summit.sfu.ca:node-9459","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/sfu_migrate/9459/etd4454_CWard.pdf","pdf_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/sfu_migrate/9459/etd4454_CWard.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400490","display_name":"Summit (Simon Fraser University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","host_organization_name":"Simon Fraser University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/sfu_migrate/9459/etd4454_CWard.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045899836","display_name":"Colin Farrell Ward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Colin Farrell Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045899836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00873193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-climate-initiative","display_name":"Western Climate Initiative","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissions-trading","display_name":"emissions trading","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions reduction","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-columbia","display_name":"British Columbia","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributional-effects","display_name":"distributional effects","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue-recycling","display_name":"revenue recycling","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissions-allocation","display_name":"emission allocation","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-carbon-transition","display_name":"low-carbon transition","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-pricing","display_name":"carbon pricing","score":0.48100000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.7555793523788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.39537012577056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3621898293495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3619444668292999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3566453456878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18993324041366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:summit.sfu.ca:node-9459","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/sfu_migrate/9459/etd4454_CWard.pdf","pdf_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/sfu_migrate/9459/etd4454_CWard.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400490","display_name":"Summit (Simon Fraser University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","host_organization_name":"Simon Fraser University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:summit.sfu.ca:9459","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://summit.sfu.ca/item/9459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400490","display_name":"Summit (Simon Fraser University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","host_organization_name":"Simon Fraser University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:32560160","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/9459/etd4454_CWard.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:summit.sfu.ca:node-9459","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/sfu_migrate/9459/etd4454_CWard.pdf","pdf_url":"https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/sfu_migrate/9459/etd4454_CWard.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400490","display_name":"Summit (Simon Fraser University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","host_organization_name":"Simon Fraser University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W32560160.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W32560160.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86884681","https://openalex.org/W88571598","https://openalex.org/W408811781","https://openalex.org/W581168485","https://openalex.org/W600690022","https://openalex.org/W619690450","https://openalex.org/W648410098","https://openalex.org/W1491918886","https://openalex.org/W1501366645","https://openalex.org/W1520772573","https://openalex.org/W1539528211","https://openalex.org/W1546739544","https://openalex.org/W1573594394","https://openalex.org/W1584283406","https://openalex.org/W1596157931","https://openalex.org/W1601179272","https://openalex.org/W1865344395","https://openalex.org/W1966871598","https://openalex.org/W1972287237","https://openalex.org/W1994193844","https://openalex.org/W2006091158","https://openalex.org/W2012025801","https://openalex.org/W2017486856","https://openalex.org/W2027662789","https://openalex.org/W2049062145","https://openalex.org/W2053499293","https://openalex.org/W2069210188","https://openalex.org/W2106995662","https://openalex.org/W2129211037","https://openalex.org/W2135596665","https://openalex.org/W2137358449","https://openalex.org/W2155604265","https://openalex.org/W2187326791","https://openalex.org/W2202229662","https://openalex.org/W2297658588","https://openalex.org/W2316512862","https://openalex.org/W2760652876","https://openalex.org/W3009660220","https://openalex.org/W3023641402","https://openalex.org/W3122317519","https://openalex.org/W3122659309","https://openalex.org/W3123629920","https://openalex.org/W3124724880","https://openalex.org/W3125938983","https://openalex.org/W3170999623","https://openalex.org/W3207881595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182258003","https://openalex.org/W2979640336","https://openalex.org/W2311404828","https://openalex.org/W1991726828","https://openalex.org/W3024672041","https://openalex.org/W2752064519","https://openalex.org/W2950254958","https://openalex.org/W3132830637","https://openalex.org/W1578272352","https://openalex.org/W2262643056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Western":[1],"Climate":[2],"Initiative":[3],"cap":[4,53,87,118],"and":[5,57,91,94,119,131,138],"trade":[6,92,120],"mechanism":[7],"is":[8,102],"an":[9],"important":[10],"piece":[11],"of":[12,38,51,72,82,128],"British":[13],"Columbia's":[14],"plan":[15],"to":[16,45,58,65,68,97,110,142],"reduce":[17,69,135],"greenhouse":[18],"gas":[19],"emissions":[20,89,98],"by":[21,26,85],"33%":[22],"from":[23],"2007":[24],"levels":[25],"2020,":[27],"but":[28],"it":[29],"may":[30],"impose":[31],"a":[32,42,80],"significant":[33],"burden":[34],"on":[35],"certain":[36],"industries":[37,83],"the":[39,49,52,55,66,70,86,108,116,129,140],"economy.I":[40],"follow":[41],"two-step":[43],"analysis":[44],"first,":[46],"better":[47],"understand":[48],"impact":[50],"over":[54],"shortterm":[56],"second,":[59],"identify":[60],"what":[61],"options":[62],"are":[63,88,95],"available":[64],"government":[67],"costs":[71],"transitioning":[73],"without":[74],"compromising":[75],"environmental":[76],"goals.I":[77],"found":[78],"that":[79,121],"number":[81],"covered":[84],"intensive":[90],"exposed,":[93],"vulnerable":[96],"pricing":[99],"schemes.While":[100],"this":[101],"cause":[103],"for":[104],"concern,":[105],"BC":[106],"has":[107],"discretion":[109],"adopt":[111],"specific":[112],"design":[113,127],"features":[114],"within":[115],"WCI":[117],"can":[122,134],"smooth":[123],"transition":[124,141],"related":[125],"costs.Careful":[126],"allocation":[130],"revenue-recycling":[132],"feature":[133],"distributional":[136],"impacts":[137],"facilitate":[139],"low-carbon.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}