{"id":"https://openalex.org/W325008754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3205/zma000933","title":"Effects of a rater training on rating accuracy in a physical examination skills assessment","display_name":"Effects of a rater training on rating accuracy in a physical examination skills assessment","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W325008754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3205/zma000933","mag":"325008754","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25489341","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4259060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4259060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4259060/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4259060/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GMS Z Med Ausbild","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4259060/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108800244","display_name":"G\u00fcnther Weitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitz, Gunther","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus L\u00fcbeck, Medizinische Klinik I, L\u00fcbeck, Deutschland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus L\u00fcbeck, Medizinische Klinik I, L\u00fcbeck, Deutschland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035182288","display_name":"Christian Vinzentius","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200280","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Qualit\u00e4tsentwicklung an Schulen Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/05fr89837","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200280"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinzentius, Christian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Qualit\u00e4tsentwicklung an Schulen Schleswig-Holstein, Kronshagen, Deutschland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Qualit\u00e4tsentwicklung an Schulen Schleswig-Holstein, Kronshagen, Deutschland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401200280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075404662","display_name":"Christoph Twesten","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Twesten, Christoph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus L\u00fcbeck, Medizinische Klinik I, L\u00fcbeck, Deutschland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus L\u00fcbeck, Medizinische Klinik I, L\u00fcbeck, Deutschland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079250860","display_name":"Hendrik Lehnert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lehnert, Hendrik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus L\u00fcbeck, Medizinische Klinik I, L\u00fcbeck, Deutschland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus L\u00fcbeck, Medizinische Klinik I, L\u00fcbeck, Deutschland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038799057","display_name":"Hendrik Bonnemeier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-0902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-0902"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bonnemeier, Hendrik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schlesweig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Medizinische Klinik III, Kiel, Deutschland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schlesweig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Medizinische Klinik III, Kiel, Deutschland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024750728","display_name":"Inke Regina K\u00f6nig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-6465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-6465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K\u00f6nig, Inke R.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, L\u00fcbeck, Deutschland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, L\u00fcbeck, Deutschland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2145,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9607764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"Doc41","last_page":"Doc41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rater-training","display_name":"rater training","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rating-accuracy","display_name":"rating accuracy","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-frames","display_name":"reference frames","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-to-toe-examination","display_name":"head-to-toe examination","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/halo-effect","display_name":"halo effect","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-assessment","display_name":"self-assessment","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-performance-assessment","display_name":"clinical performance assessment","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-rater-reliability","display_name":"inter-rater reliability","score":0.5720000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870","display_name":"Concordance","level":2,"score":0.7097978591918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6265134215354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5489585399627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205333247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1602656","display_name":"Self-assessment","level":2,"score":0.426968514919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3898985683917999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30725938081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1254853904247284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000070260","descriptor_name":"Teacher Training","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003479","descriptor_name":"Curriculum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004521","descriptor_name":"Educational Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005180","descriptor_name":"Faculty, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007318","descriptor_name":"Inservice Training","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010808","descriptor_name":"Physical Examination","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012647","descriptor_name":"Self-Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013337","descriptor_name":"Students, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4259060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4259060/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4259060/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GMS Z Med Ausbild","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25489341","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25489341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GMS Zeitschrift fur medizinische Ausbildung","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oai-gms.dimdi.de:GAzma000933","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3205/zma000933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402251","display_name":"German Medical Science (German Research Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126796","host_organization_name":"German Heart Research Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GMS Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Medizinische Ausbildung;\\n \\n VOL: 31;\\n \\n DOC41\\n /20141117/\\n","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.803.860","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.803.860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/94/c1/ZMA-31-41.PMC4259060.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b67585edde3143bca4da89bf8db4da7b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b67585edde3143bca4da89bf8db4da7b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GMS Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Medizinische Ausbildung, Vol 31, Iss 4, p Doc41 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.3205/zma000933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3205/zma000933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3205/zma000933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402251","display_name":"German Medical Science (German Research Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126796","host_organization_name":"German Heart Research Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"mag:325008754","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25489341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4259060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4259060/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4259060/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GMS Z Med Ausbild","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W325008754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W325008754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1057512088","https://openalex.org/W1751360006","https://openalex.org/W1810330899","https://openalex.org/W1973975145","https://openalex.org/W1974703863","https://openalex.org/W1979295035","https://openalex.org/W1983865038","https://openalex.org/W1986555767","https://openalex.org/W1988321558","https://openalex.org/W2005974754","https://openalex.org/W2008297986","https://openalex.org/W2012752168","https://openalex.org/W2016935819","https://openalex.org/W2023083058","https://openalex.org/W2023397747","https://openalex.org/W2037134292","https://openalex.org/W2044059462","https://openalex.org/W2056714659","https://openalex.org/W2068757607","https://openalex.org/W2070555788","https://openalex.org/W2070722657","https://openalex.org/W2086237644","https://openalex.org/W2088137884","https://openalex.org/W2093511923","https://openalex.org/W2104831936","https://openalex.org/W2107677116","https://openalex.org/W2141944061","https://openalex.org/W2146618571","https://openalex.org/W2153881322","https://openalex.org/W2161424284","https://openalex.org/W2313015717","https://openalex.org/W2314697053","https://openalex.org/W4313194442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7101213189","https://openalex.org/W3096970678","https://openalex.org/W4389802764","https://openalex.org/W2036242748","https://openalex.org/W2743250919","https://openalex.org/W7095353622","https://openalex.org/W2901757934","https://openalex.org/W2295542194","https://openalex.org/W2139502469","https://openalex.org/W2998758675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,172,250,267],"accuracy":[2,49],"and":[3,98,115,127,160],"reproducibility":[4],"of":[5,31,45,55,68,118,169,178,190,196,247,253,275],"medical":[6,71,277,295],"skills":[7],"assessment":[8,54,195],"is":[9,279],"generally":[10],"low.":[11],"Rater":[12,140],"training":[13,40,84,141,216,243,284],"has":[14],"little":[15],"or":[16],"no":[17],"effect.":[18],"Our":[19],"knowledge":[20],"in":[21,50,130,182,199,233,255,297],"this":[22,256],"field,":[23],"however,":[24],"relies":[25],"on":[26,42,96,136,148,227,241,294],"studies":[27,240],"involving":[28],"video":[29,97,245],"ratings":[30],"overall":[32,162],"clinical":[33,248],"performances.":[34,249],"We":[35],"hypothesised":[36],"that":[37,272],"a":[38,56,81,85,131,145,175],"rater":[39,242],"focussing":[41],"the":[43,52,66,89,109,112,116,119,123,137,167,170,179,183,188,191,194,197,202,228,263,270,273,291],"frame":[44],"reference":[46],"could":[47],"improve":[48],"grading":[51],"curricular":[53],"highly":[57,280],"standardised":[58],"physical":[59],"head-to-toe":[60],"examination.":[61],"METHODS:":[62],"Twenty-one":[63],"raters":[64,74,128,152,185,198,207],"assessed":[65,204],"performance":[67,278],"242":[69],"third-year":[70],"students.":[72],"Eleven":[73],"had":[75,217],"been":[76],"randomly":[77],"assigned":[78],"to":[79,166,223,261],"undergo":[80],"brief":[82],"frame-of-reference":[83,283],"few":[86],"days":[87],"before":[88],"assessment.":[90,138],"218":[91],"encounters":[92,235],"were":[93],"successfully":[94],"recorded":[95],"re-assessed":[99],"independently":[100],"by":[101,205],"three":[102],"additional":[103],"observers.":[104,171],"Accuracy":[105],"was":[106,164,258],"defined":[107],"as":[108,285],"concordance":[110],"between":[111],"raters'":[113,265],"grade":[114],"median":[117],"observers'":[120],"grade.":[121,213],"After":[122],"assessment,":[124],"both":[125,200],"students":[126,192,203,296],"filled":[129],"questionnaire":[132,173],"about":[133],"their":[134,161,212],"views":[135],"RESULTS:":[139],"did":[142],"not":[143,259,288],"have":[144,224],"measurable":[146],"influence":[147],"accuracy.":[149,230],"However,":[150],"trained":[151,184,206,264],"rated":[153],"significantly":[154],"more":[155,209],"stringently":[156],"than":[157],"untrained":[158],"raters,":[159],"stringency":[163,168],"closer":[165],"indicated":[174],"higher":[176],"awareness":[177],"halo":[180],"effect":[181],"group.":[186],"Although":[187],"self-assessment":[189],"mirrored":[193],"groups,":[201],"felt":[208],"discontent":[210],"with":[211,238],"CONCLUSIONS:":[214],"While":[215],"some":[218],"marginal":[219],"effects,":[220],"it":[221],"failed":[222],"an":[225],"impact":[226],"individual":[229],"These":[231],"results":[232],"real-life":[234],"are":[236],"consistent":[237],"previous":[239],"using":[244],"assessments":[246],"high":[251],"degree":[252],"standardisation":[254],"study":[257],"suitable":[260],"harmonize":[262],"grading.":[266],"data":[268],"support":[269],"notion":[271],"process":[274],"appraising":[276],"individual.":[281],"A":[282],"applied":[286],"does":[287],"effectively":[289],"adjust":[290],"physicians'":[292],"judgement":[293],"real-live":[298],"assessments.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}