{"id":"https://openalex.org/W32480917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb139025.x","title":"Problem\u2010based learning: its rationale and efficacy","display_name":"Problem\u2010based learning: its rationale and efficacy","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W32480917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb139025.x","mag":"32480917","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9612457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb139025.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb139025.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb139025.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13978405","display_name":"The Medical Journal of Australia","issn_l":"0025-729X","issn":["0025-729X","1326-5377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Journal of Australia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003152106","display_name":"Paul M Finucane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul M Finucane","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA","School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA. sfinupm@rgh.sa.gov.au"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA. sfinupm@rgh.sa.gov.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091205464","display_name":"Steve M Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve M Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075572428","display_name":"David J. Prideaux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6695-2723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6695-2723"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J Prideaux","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0315,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":173,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99009901,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"168","issue":"9","first_page":"445","last_page":"448"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13280","display_name":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-based-learning","display_name":"problem-based learning","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-case","display_name":"clinical case","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-directed-learning","display_name":"self-directed learning","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifelong-learning","display_name":"lifelong learning","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-retention","display_name":"knowledge retention","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-self-efficacy","display_name":"teacher self-efficacy","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-costs","display_name":"resource costs","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840407","display_name":"Enthusiasm","level":2,"score":0.8724857568740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6818028688430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6337831020355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060990","display_name":"Problem-based learning","level":2,"score":0.5098847150802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45398253202438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.42539751529693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37970787286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.11444157361984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09569668769836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001315","descriptor_name":"Australia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003479","descriptor_name":"Curriculum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004504","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Undergraduate","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018794","descriptor_name":"Problem-Based Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018794","descriptor_name":"Problem-Based Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb139025.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb139025.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb139025.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13978405","display_name":"The Medical Journal of Australia","issn_l":"0025-729X","issn":["0025-729X","1326-5377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Journal of Australia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9612457","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9612457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Medical journal of Australia","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"},{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320977","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33384856","https://openalex.org/W94098463","https://openalex.org/W1587887730","https://openalex.org/W1634787338","https://openalex.org/W1745781566","https://openalex.org/W1969150113","https://openalex.org/W1973078950","https://openalex.org/W1973903059","https://openalex.org/W1996932661","https://openalex.org/W2010365323","https://openalex.org/W2019653692","https://openalex.org/W2027409091","https://openalex.org/W2031964943","https://openalex.org/W2046719318","https://openalex.org/W2048166157","https://openalex.org/W2052172431","https://openalex.org/W2054313215","https://openalex.org/W2054324774","https://openalex.org/W2056379660","https://openalex.org/W2059172242","https://openalex.org/W2066243525","https://openalex.org/W2075416894","https://openalex.org/W2075517222","https://openalex.org/W2081440093","https://openalex.org/W2094095488","https://openalex.org/W2112658687","https://openalex.org/W2114438230","https://openalex.org/W2141803440","https://openalex.org/W2260052339","https://openalex.org/W2337636237","https://openalex.org/W2410940470","https://openalex.org/W2420899870","https://openalex.org/W2425742186","https://openalex.org/W4233817204"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394172393","https://openalex.org/W3142863529","https://openalex.org/W2412036943","https://openalex.org/W2205386250","https://openalex.org/W2267162427","https://openalex.org/W3162321407","https://openalex.org/W2776047988","https://openalex.org/W2394470716","https://openalex.org/W2409277134","https://openalex.org/W2160206520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Problem-based":[0],"learning":[1],"(PBL)":[2],"in":[3,57],"medical":[4],"education":[5],"uses":[6],"clinical":[7,18],"cases":[8],"as":[9],"the":[10,31,69],"context":[11],"for":[12,72],"students":[13],"to":[14,30,37,67,81],"study":[15],"basic":[16],"and":[17,40,44,59,76],"sciences.":[19],"Its":[20],"possible":[21],"advantages":[22],"over":[23],"traditional":[24],"approaches":[25],"include":[26,53],"its":[27,35,45,63,77],"greater":[28],"relevance":[29],"practice":[32],"of":[33,42,47],"medicine,":[34],"ability":[36],"promote":[38],"retention":[39],"application":[41],"knowledge,":[43],"encouragement":[46],"self-directed":[48],"life-long":[49],"learning.":[50],"Possible":[51],"disadvantages":[52],"higher":[54],"costs,":[55],"both":[56],"resources":[58],"staff":[60],"time.":[61],"Although":[62],"efficacy":[64],"is":[65,79],"difficult":[66],"evaluate,":[68],"current":[70],"enthusiasm":[71],"PBL":[73],"seems":[74],"justified":[75],"use":[78],"likely":[80],"increase":[82],"further.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}