{"id":"https://openalex.org/W32438396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.1998.10.6.523","title":"A Preliminary Evaluation of a Modified Needle-Cleaning Intervention Using Bleach Among Injection Drug Users","display_name":"A Preliminary Evaluation of a Modified Needle-Cleaning Intervention Using Bleach Among Injection Drug Users","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W32438396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.1998.10.6.523","mag":"32438396","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9883287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1521/aeap.1998.10.6.523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.1998.10.6.523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.1998.10.6.523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98952145","display_name":"AIDS Education and Prevention","issn_l":"0899-9546","issn":["0899-9546","1943-2755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315796","host_organization_name":"Guilford Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Guilford Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Education and Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://works.bepress.com/robert_carlson/30","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011025474","display_name":"Robert Gideon Carlson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4244-0173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4244-0173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert G. Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine","Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103073952","display_name":"Jichuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-9432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-9432"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jichuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091090436","display_name":"Harvey Alan Siegal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harvey A. Siegal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045144853","display_name":"R\u00fcssel S. Falck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russel S. Falck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2893,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56829453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"523","last_page":"532"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-who-inject-drugs","display_name":"people who inject drugs","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/needle-sharing","display_name":"needle sharing","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-frequency","display_name":"injection frequency","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm-reduction","display_name":"harm reduction","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syringe-reuse","display_name":"syringe reuse","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777966455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11587","display_name":"Bleach","level":2,"score":0.9697446823120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273318","display_name":"Syringe","level":2,"score":0.7709115743637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.733283281326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.46283507347106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4104585647583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1777953803539276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.08309304714202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06614771485328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004202","descriptor_name":"Disinfectants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004203","descriptor_name":"Disinfection","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004203","descriptor_name":"Disinfection","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009339","descriptor_name":"Needles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009820","descriptor_name":"Ohio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012973","descriptor_name":"Sodium Hypochlorite","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015819","descriptor_name":"Substance Abuse, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1521/aeap.1998.10.6.523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.1998.10.6.523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.1998.10.6.523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98952145","display_name":"AIDS Education and Prevention","issn_l":"0899-9546","issn":["0899-9546","1943-2755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315796","host_organization_name":"Guilford Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Guilford Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Education and Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9883287","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9883287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:corescholar.libraries.wright.edu:aids-1013","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/aids/14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400146","display_name":"CORE Scholar (Wright State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","host_organization_name":"Wright State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Prevention Research Project","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:robert_carlson-1029","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/robert_carlson/30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737205702","display_name":"Journal of Bioresource Management","issn_l":"2309-3854","issn":["2309-3854"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316536","host_organization_name":"Bioresource Research Center (BRC), Islamabad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316536"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bioresource Research Center (BRC), Islamabad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robert G. Carlson","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:32438396","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9883287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:robert_carlson-1029","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/robert_carlson/30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737205702","display_name":"Journal of Bioresource Management","issn_l":"2309-3854","issn":["2309-3854"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316536","host_organization_name":"Bioresource Research Center (BRC), Islamabad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316536"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bioresource Research Center (BRC), Islamabad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robert G. Carlson","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266830032","display_name":"ENHANCING HIV RISK REDUCTION THROUGH CASE MANAGEMENT","funder_award_id":"5u01da007305-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982336224","https://openalex.org/W1989637503","https://openalex.org/W2023004981","https://openalex.org/W2025130068","https://openalex.org/W2039587830","https://openalex.org/W2054712096","https://openalex.org/W2080355993","https://openalex.org/W2084767772","https://openalex.org/W2099480019","https://openalex.org/W2120535943","https://openalex.org/W4399990556"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2413327475","https://openalex.org/W2416513000","https://openalex.org/W1978065340","https://openalex.org/W2163118507","https://openalex.org/W2363893944","https://openalex.org/W2023004981","https://openalex.org/W232333776","https://openalex.org/W51142187","https://openalex.org/W2004108620","https://openalex.org/W2128945462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examines":[2],"an":[3,43],"intervention":[4,44],"designed":[5],"to":[6,20,47,62],"improve":[7],"needle-cleaning":[8,33],"practices":[9,34],"among":[10],"injection":[11,137],"drug":[12],"users":[13],"(IDUs)":[14],"in":[15,37,162],"Dayton":[16],"and":[17,41,50,57,66,139],"Columbus,":[18],"Ohio,":[19],"meet":[21],"the":[22,67,78,92,113,158,163],"recommended":[23],"bleach":[24,80,94,115,130,147,161],"exposure":[25,81,116,148],"time":[26,82,96,117,132,149],"of":[27,69,157],"at":[28,39,45,142,152,166,170],"least":[29,167],"30":[30,168],"seconds.":[31,85],"Simulated":[32],"were":[35,60],"observed":[36],"offices":[38],"baseline":[40,74],"after":[42],"2":[46],"4":[48],"week":[49],"6-month":[51,108,143,171],"follow-ups.":[52],"Descriptive":[53],"statistics,":[54],"t-tests,":[55],"logistic,":[56],"multiple":[58],"regressions":[59],"used":[61],"examine":[63],"behavior":[64],"change":[65],"correlates":[68],"safer":[70],"cleaning":[71],"practices.":[72],"At":[73,86,107],"(n":[75,89,110],"=":[76,90,102,111,124],"541),":[77],"mean":[79,93,114,146],"was":[83,133],"13.8":[84],"first":[87],"follow-up":[88,109],"410),":[91],"contact":[95,131],"(23.4":[97],"s)":[98,119],"increased":[99,121,150],"significantly":[100,122,151],"(t":[101,123],"8.59;":[103],"p":[104,126],"<":[105,127],".05).":[106,128],"83),":[112],"(21.1":[118],"also":[120],"2.98;":[125],"Longer":[129],"associated":[134],"with":[135],"higher":[136],"frequency":[138],"needle":[140],"transfer":[141],"follow-up.":[144,172],"Although":[145],"both":[153],"follow-ups,":[154],"only":[155],"30.3%":[156],"IDUs":[159],"kept":[160],"syringe":[164],"for":[165],"seconds":[169],"Improved":[173],"interventions":[174],"are":[175],"needed.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}