{"id":"https://openalex.org/W324010052","doi":null,"title":"Working Towards Net Zero Energy at Fort Irwin, CA","display_name":"Working Towards Net Zero Energy at Fort Irwin, CA","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W324010052","mag":"324010052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil:11681/19962","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11681/19962","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11681/19962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402652","display_name":"US Army Corps of Engineers: Engineer Research and Development Center (Knowledge Core)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"DOCUMENT"},"volume":null,"type":"other","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11681/19962","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085992088","display_name":"David M. Underwood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Underwood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051286461","display_name":"Alexander Michael Zhivov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Zhivov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041359512","display_name":"Scot Duncan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scot Duncan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075379076","display_name":"Alfred Woody","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred Woody","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068121067","display_name":"Curt Bj\u00f6rk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Curt Bj\u00f6rk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053627399","display_name":"S. Richter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-0300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-0300"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Richter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-0300","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021828025","display_name":"Dieter Neth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Neth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004512085","display_name":"Dan Pinault","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Pinault","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070833537","display_name":"Rehnhard Jank","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rehnhard Jank","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13263","display_name":"Building energy efficiency and sustainability","score":0.0812000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-zero-energy-buildings","display_name":"zero energy buildings","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fort-irwin","display_name":"Fort Irwin","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-energy-assessment","display_name":"building energy analysis","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac-design","display_name":"HVAC design","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-retrofit","display_name":"energy retrofit","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-savings-measures","display_name":"energy savings measures","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-cost","display_name":"life cycle cost","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-payback","display_name":"simple payback","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"renewable energy","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-installations","display_name":"military installations","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184978287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896121","display_name":"Zero-energy building","level":3,"score":0.7176333665847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7083545923233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6973316073417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.6602879166603088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144553756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15081665","display_name":"Payback period","level":3,"score":0.5560824871063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5214414000511169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991880210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6998450","display_name":"Net energy","level":2,"score":0.5213293433189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4949299693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4707264006137848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181230689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192472","display_name":"Net present value","level":3,"score":0.4564497470855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520343842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3353193","display_name":"Energy engineering","level":3,"score":0.4511593282222748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4283004105091095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920419","display_name":"Upgrade","level":2,"score":0.4266950488090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42123767733573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.3696463406085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.35222354531288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22649964690208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.14988330006599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14834743738174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11620202660560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09611469507217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09557312726974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil:11681/19962","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11681/19962","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11681/19962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402652","display_name":"US Army Corps of Engineers: Engineer Research and Development Center (Knowledge Core)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"DOCUMENT"},{"id":"mag:324010052","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a552500.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil:11681/19962","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11681/19962","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11681/19962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402652","display_name":"US Army Corps of Engineers: Engineer Research and Development Center (Knowledge Core)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"DOCUMENT"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W324010052.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W324010052.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981235695","https://openalex.org/W163514157","https://openalex.org/W1999067170","https://openalex.org/W1564003785","https://openalex.org/W3213597662","https://openalex.org/W3002614995","https://openalex.org/W321099555","https://openalex.org/W4225602226","https://openalex.org/W4254025202","https://openalex.org/W4388205512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],":":[1],"This":[2,63,126,168],"work":[3,43,127,169],"conducted":[4],"an":[5,22],"Energy":[6],"Assessment":[7],"at":[8,114],"Fort":[9],"Irwin,":[10],"CA,":[11],"as":[12,175],"a":[13,16,25,30,54,102,115,149,158,195],"part":[14,176],"of":[15,24,27,60,134,146,157,177,197,207],"Net-Zero":[17,150,179,191],"initiative.":[18],"The":[19,42],"scope":[20],"included":[21],"assessment":[23],"Cluster":[26],"buildings":[28],"with":[29,194,202],"focus":[31],"on":[32,53,131],"retrofits":[33],"to":[34,73,96,106,119,148,165],"minimize":[35],"net":[36],"energy":[37,46,79,91,151,173,184,192,209],"use":[38,185,193,206],"within":[39],"the":[40,61,97,108,132,139,141,155,178,203],"Cluster.":[41],"additionally":[44],"identified":[45],"savings":[47,142,156],"measures":[48],"and":[49,51,75,83,89,104,111,117,205],"wastes":[50],"inefficiencies":[52],"limited":[55],"basis":[56],"for":[57,68,101,138],"other":[58],"areas":[59],"installation.":[62],"report":[64],"explores":[65],"two":[66],"strategies":[67],"evaluating":[69],"energy-efficient":[70],"technologies:":[71],"(1)":[72],"install":[74,112],"evaluate":[76,120],"several":[77],"different":[78],"efficient":[80],"heating,":[81],"ventilating,":[82],"air":[84],"conditioning":[85],"(HVAC)":[86],"system":[87,136],"designs":[88],"renewable":[90,172,208],"projects":[92],"that":[93,183],"may":[94],"lead":[95],"lowest":[98],"lifecycle":[99],"cost":[100],"facility,":[103],"(2)":[105],"cherry-pick":[107],"least-first-cost":[109],"options":[110],"them":[113],"complex,":[116],"then":[118],"their":[121],"performance":[122],"against":[123],"each":[124],"other.":[125],"concluded":[128],"that,":[129],"depending":[130],"type":[133],"HVAC":[135],"chosen":[137],"Cluster,":[140],"potential":[143],"(simple":[144],"payback)":[145],"upgrading":[147],"ready":[152],"building":[153],"(beyond":[154],"normal":[159],"Army":[160],"upgrade)":[161],"varies":[162],"from":[163],"2.8":[164],"13.8":[166],"yrs.":[167],"also":[170],"explored":[171],"opportunities":[174],"concept.":[180],"Results":[181],"showed":[182],"could":[186],"be":[187],"significantly":[188],"reduced":[189],"towards":[190],"payback":[196],"less":[198],"than":[199],"15":[200],"yrs":[201],"implementation":[204],"technologies.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
