{"id":"https://openalex.org/W323973952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711103900202","title":"Biblical Foundationalism and Religious Reflection: Polarization of Faith and Intellect Oriented Epistemologies within a Christian Ideological Surround","display_name":"Biblical Foundationalism and Religious Reflection: Polarization of Faith and Intellect Oriented Epistemologies within a Christian Ideological Surround","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W323973952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711103900202","mag":"323973952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/009164711103900202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711103900202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711103900202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1000263748","display_name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","issn_l":"0091-6471","issn":["0091-6471","2328-1162"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089416756","display_name":"P. J. Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177097968","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqb1v70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. J. Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee at Chattanooga"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345090","display_name":"Zhuo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8506-6070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8506-6070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177097968","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqb1v70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee at Chattanooga"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055435088","display_name":"Ralph W. Hood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5165-6830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5165-6830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177097968","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqb1v70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph W. Hood","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee at Chattanooga"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089416756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9834,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8437981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":"111","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10509","display_name":"Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10509","display_name":"Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13150","display_name":"Study and Philosophy of Religion","score":0.022600000724196434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11507","display_name":"Religion and Society Interactions","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-fundamentalism","display_name":"religious fundamentalism","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"openness to experience","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-for-meaning","display_name":"search for meaning","score":0.6669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780789983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9149","display_name":"Fundamentalism","level":3,"score":0.8220558166503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177076380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355086","display_name":"Foundationalism","level":2,"score":0.7143245339393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5410500","display_name":"Faith","level":2,"score":0.6270793676376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32464470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337916","display_name":"Emic and etic","level":2,"score":0.6077988743782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5104526281356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780146897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353284","display_name":"Intellect","level":2,"score":0.48211050033569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.40511637926101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3595738708972931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.339751660823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2504647970199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.1297098994255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09587368369102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/009164711103900202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711103900202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711103900202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1000263748","display_name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","issn_l":"0091-6471","issn":["0091-6471","2328-1162"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63620285","https://openalex.org/W233804693","https://openalex.org/W562578050","https://openalex.org/W1519696280","https://openalex.org/W1785520540","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1976591546","https://openalex.org/W1988441502","https://openalex.org/W1994236501","https://openalex.org/W1995938991","https://openalex.org/W2001918135","https://openalex.org/W2023116690","https://openalex.org/W2038642540","https://openalex.org/W2052361632","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2084762075","https://openalex.org/W2136219431","https://openalex.org/W2315054488","https://openalex.org/W2319809072","https://openalex.org/W2324214845","https://openalex.org/W2329281669","https://openalex.org/W2331604630","https://openalex.org/W3099697734","https://openalex.org/W4233925746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253889664","https://openalex.org/W2073896744","https://openalex.org/W2187522249","https://openalex.org/W7097402656","https://openalex.org/W2185763702","https://openalex.org/W377158574","https://openalex.org/W2121403179","https://openalex.org/W4297670249","https://openalex.org/W2051959581","https://openalex.org/W2208044200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"other":[1],"things,":[2],"the":[3,105,113],"Ideological":[4],"Surround":[5],"Model":[6],"(ISM)":[7],"argues":[8],"that":[9,18,112],"greater":[10],"objectivity":[11],"can":[12,155],"be":[13,59],"achieved":[14],"through":[15],"an":[16,44,49],"empiricism":[17,154],"brings":[19],"emic":[20,50,114],"religious":[21],"and":[22,48,63,74,82,94,98,123,127],"etic":[23,45,106],"social":[24],"scientific":[25],"perspectives":[26],"into":[27],"formal":[28],"dialog.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"project,":[32],"421":[33],"undergraduates":[34],"responded":[35],"to":[36,58,84,100,135],"a":[37,152],"Christian":[38,54,92],"Religious":[39,46,55,72,109,146],"Reflection":[40,56,88],"Scale":[41],"along":[42],"with":[43,61,80,91,131],"Fundamentalism":[47,110],"Biblical":[51,75,117,142],"Foundationalism":[52,76,118,143],"scale.":[53],"proved":[57],"polarized":[60],"Faith":[62,69,122],"Intellect":[64,86,124],"Oriented":[65,70,87,125],"factors":[66],"correlating":[67],"negatively.":[68],"Reflection,":[71],"Fundamentalism,":[73],"displayed":[77,138],"negative":[78],"linkages":[79],"Quest":[81,97,132],"Openness":[83,99,134],"Experience.":[85,136],"was":[89,128],"incompatible":[90,130],"commitments":[93],"predicted":[95],"higher":[96,139],"Experiences.":[101],"Statistical":[102],"controls":[103],"for":[104],"language":[107,115],"of":[108,116],"demonstrated":[111],"could":[119],"support":[120],"both":[121],"epistemologies":[126],"not":[129],"or":[133],"Participants":[137],"scores":[140],"on":[141,145],"than":[144],"Fundamentalism.":[147],"These":[148],"data":[149],"illustrated":[150],"how":[151],"dialogical":[153],"promote":[156],"objectivity.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}