{"id":"https://openalex.org/W32378647","doi":null,"title":"The effects of beta 2-agonists and caffeine on respiratory and limb muscle performance.","display_name":"The effects of beta 2-agonists and caffeine on respiratory and limb muscle performance.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W32378647","mag":"32378647","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7901049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7901049","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7901049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The European respiratory journal","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023611358","display_name":"Colm Lanigan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Lanigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Kings College School of Medicine and Dentistry, Denmark Hill, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Kings College School of Medicine and Dentistry, Denmark Hill, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108528047","display_name":"T. Q. Howes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Q Howes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059978708","display_name":"Gisella R. Borzone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Borzone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070822398","display_name":"L.G. Vianna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L G Vianna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081483438","display_name":"John Moxham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0051-651X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0051-651X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Moxham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3971,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56889651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"8","first_page":"1192","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.3034999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.3034999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13338","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Assays","score":0.19429999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.1046999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-2-adrenergic-agonists","display_name":"beta2-adrenergic agonists","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine","display_name":"caffeine","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terbutaline","display_name":"terbutaline","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tulobuterol","display_name":"tulobuterol","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-muscle-strength","display_name":"respiratory muscle strength","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limb-muscle-strength","display_name":"limb muscle strength","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscular-endurance","display_name":"muscular endurance","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-fatigue","display_name":"muscle fatigue","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadriceps","display_name":"quadriceps","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronchodilators","display_name":"bronchodilators","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-muscle-performance","display_name":"skeletal muscle performance","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778500429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235","display_name":"Caffeine","level":2,"score":0.8051401376724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780252434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424340","display_name":"Terbutaline","level":3,"score":0.7049041986465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162156334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473420","display_name":"Dose","level":2,"score":0.6640853881835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6180015206336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.5752760171890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.5496413111686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.4637055993080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127006","display_name":"Muscle contraction","level":2,"score":0.4592873752117157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927234","display_name":"Bronchodilator","level":3,"score":0.45497724413871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.40972766280174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3626224398612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2949698567390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.08773815631866455}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000318","descriptor_name":"Adrenergic beta-Agonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000318","descriptor_name":"Adrenergic beta-Agonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009119","descriptor_name":"Muscle Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010807","descriptor_name":"Physical Endurance","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012132","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013726","descriptor_name":"Terbutaline","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013726","descriptor_name":"Terbutaline","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013726","descriptor_name":"Terbutaline","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7901049","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7901049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The European respiratory journal","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:32378647","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7901049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523679951","https://openalex.org/W1984742686","https://openalex.org/W2153609135","https://openalex.org/W2944331050","https://openalex.org/W3001118548","https://openalex.org/W3002108456","https://openalex.org/W3005212621","https://openalex.org/W3007940623","https://openalex.org/W3009314935","https://openalex.org/W3009885589","https://openalex.org/W3011229922","https://openalex.org/W3012492786","https://openalex.org/W3014663601","https://openalex.org/W3015490759","https://openalex.org/W3016538467","https://openalex.org/W3016785135","https://openalex.org/W3021841162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1958840174","https://openalex.org/W2027534380","https://openalex.org/W3118307528","https://openalex.org/W2178822554","https://openalex.org/W1983948078","https://openalex.org/W1964910017","https://openalex.org/W2474491795","https://openalex.org/W2059199881","https://openalex.org/W2404755535","https://openalex.org/W41848968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"possibility":[1],"that":[2,116],"respiratory":[3,40,109],"muscle":[4,41,45,112,128],"function":[5],"may":[6],"be":[7],"improved":[8],"by":[9,98],"drug":[10],"therapy":[11],"is":[12],"of":[13,21,26,30,93,119],"clinical":[14],"importance,":[15],"but":[16,66],"remains":[17],"controversial.":[18],"A":[19],"series":[20],"studies":[22],"concerning":[23],"the":[24,71,94],"effects":[25,106],"maximally":[27],"tolerated":[28],"dosages":[29,118],"terbutaline,":[31],"tulobuterol":[32,102],"(a":[33],"new":[34],"beta":[35],"2-agonist)":[36],"and":[37,43,47,78,101],"caffeine":[38],"on":[39,83,107],"strength":[42,46],"limb":[44,111],"endurance":[48],"were":[49,55],"undertaken":[50],"in":[51,70],"normal":[52],"subjects.":[53],"Drugs":[54],"administered":[56],"orally,":[57],"2":[58],"h":[59],"before":[60],"study.":[61],"Caffeine":[62],"produced":[63],"a":[64,79,86],"small":[65,80],"statistically":[67],"significant":[68],"increase":[69],"stimulated":[72],"contraction":[73,91],"force":[74,92],"at":[75],"20":[76],"Hz,":[77],"beneficial":[81,105],"effect":[82],"recovery":[84],"from":[85],"fatiguing":[87],"protocol;":[88],"maximum":[89],"voluntary":[90],"quadriceps":[95],"was":[96],"increased":[97],"3.8%.":[99],"Terbutaline":[100],"had":[103],"no":[104],"either":[108],"or":[110],"function.":[113],"We":[114],"conclude":[115],"conventional":[117],"these":[120],"bronchodilator":[121],"drugs":[122],"do":[123],"not":[124],"greatly":[125],"affect":[126],"skeletal":[127],"performance.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}