{"id":"https://openalex.org/W32313700","doi":null,"title":"Violence and Non-Violence in Anglo-Saxon England: AElfric's \"Passion of St. Edmund\"","display_name":"Violence and Non-Violence in Anglo-Saxon England: AElfric's \"Passion of St. Edmund\"","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W32313700","mag":"32313700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:32313700","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-65493903/violence-and-non-violence-in-anglo-saxon-england","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152474067","display_name":"Philological quarterly","issn_l":"0031-7977","issn":["0031-7977"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316443","host_organization_name":"University of Iowa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Iowa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Philological quarterly","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059402683","display_name":"James W. Earl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James W. Earl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059402683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5387,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93912081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"125","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13167","display_name":"Historical, Literary, and Cultural Studies","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13593","display_name":"Historical and Archaeological Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonviolence","display_name":"nonviolence","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aelfric","display_name":"Aelfric","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anglo-saxon-england","display_name":"Anglo-Saxon England","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viking-invasions","display_name":"Viking invasions","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenge","display_name":"revenge","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monastic-reform","display_name":"monastic reform","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clerical-culture","display_name":"clerical culture","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-battle-of-maldon","display_name":"Battle of Maldon","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anglo-saxon-kingship","display_name":"Anglo-Saxon kingship","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anglo-saxon-chronicle","display_name":"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle","score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/old-english-literature","display_name":"Anglo-Saxon literature","score":0.4000000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779387294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189233","display_name":"Throne","level":3,"score":0.7150306105613708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.597260594367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335046","display_name":"Passion","level":2,"score":0.5450596213340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.542369544506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462027","display_name":"Flourishing","level":2,"score":0.5199483633041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4821031391620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.3372747302055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2977985143661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.18498867750167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14819088578224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:32313700","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-65493903/violence-and-non-violence-in-anglo-saxon-england","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152474067","display_name":"Philological quarterly","issn_l":"0031-7977","issn":["0031-7977"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316443","host_organization_name":"University of Iowa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Iowa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Philological quarterly","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1849232265","display_name":"Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Award","funder_award_id":"UL1TR001420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6628848920","display_name":"North Carolina Translational and Clinical Science Institute (NC TraCS)","funder_award_id":"UL1TR002489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253631064","https://openalex.org/W2407267601","https://openalex.org/W4206582704","https://openalex.org/W4388356565","https://openalex.org/W2753145089","https://openalex.org/W2168512673","https://openalex.org/W2500968559","https://openalex.org/W7072873863","https://openalex.org/W2578344078","https://openalex.org/W1585665079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[65],"turn":[1],"of":[2,70,84,99,123,189,202,252,266,283,285,291,301,313,323,357,364,369,372,377,389,404,409,414,428,470,479,482,499,507,554,559,561,565,588,594,600,616,623,631],"the":[59],"millennium":[4,262],"draws":[5],"mind":[7],"back":[8],"a":[9,19,24,153,190,194,206,272,280,306,310,326,358,419,436,445,467,477,490,504,521,544],"thousand":[10],"years":[11],"to":[12,75,130,193,238,243,247,393,400,402,575,627],"deeply":[14],"troubled":[15],"990s":[16],"in":[17,125,133,297,379,550,578,596,633],"England,":[18],"paradoxical":[20],"decade":[21],"that":[22,156,174,220],"enjoyed":[23],"high":[25],"clerical":[26],"culture":[27,546],"even":[28],"as":[29,57,184,287,325,346,348,386,463,605,611],"Vikings":[31,514,525,567],"were":[32,73,87],"ravaging":[33],"land.":[35],"A":[36,261],"newly":[37],"reformed":[38],"monastic":[39],"system":[40],"was":[41,152,425,439,454],"flourishing":[42],"under":[43],"king's":[45],"favor,":[46],"but":[47,77,199,219],"this":[48,112,451,516],"king":[49,192],"would":[50],"be":[51,233],"remembered":[52],"less":[53],"fondly":[54],"ever":[55],"after":[56,304],"AEthelred":[58],"Unready.":[60],"As":[61],"Simon":[62],"Keynes":[63,172],"says,":[64],"internal":[66],"and":[67,81,103,106,127,137,167,182,337,431,444,449,484,486,503,520,585],"cultural":[68],"affairs":[69,83],"kingdom":[72,86],"able":[74],"prosper,":[76],"...":[78,90,249],"external":[80],"military":[82],"not":[88,158,237],"conducted":[89],"with":[91,532,547],"comparable":[92],"success.(1)":[93],"That":[94,381],"is":[95,116,221,224],"an":[96,268,387,458],"understatement:":[97],"many":[98],"our":[100],"surviving":[101],"manuscripts":[102],"much":[104],"Latin":[105],"Old":[107,579],"English":[108],"literature":[109,492,576],"date":[110],"from":[111,539],"highly":[113],"productive":[114],"decade--which":[115],"framed,":[117],"however,":[118,315,581],"by":[119,374,441,457,476,647],"disastrous":[121],"Battle":[122,587],"Maldon":[124,589],"991":[126],"AEthelred's":[128,170,302],"attempt":[129],"exterminate":[131],"Danes":[132],"England":[134,424],"(mostly":[135],"merchants":[136],"recent":[138],"settlers)":[139],"on":[140,204,332,343],"St.":[141,148,253],"Brice's":[142,149,254],"Day,":[143],"November":[144],"13,":[145],"1002.":[146],"Day":[255],"massacre":[151,176,251,278,317,353,382],"desperate":[154],"gamble":[155],"did":[157],"pay":[159],"off.":[160],"Danes,":[162],"unsurprisingly,":[163],"redoubled":[164],"their":[165],"efforts":[166],"eventually":[168],"took":[169],"throne.":[171],"admits":[173],"might":[232],"well":[178,347],"offend":[179],"modern":[180,311],"sensibilities":[181],"appear":[183],"despicably":[186],"cruel":[187],"reaction":[188],"paranoid":[191],"reported":[195],"threat":[196],"against":[197],"him,":[198],"no":[200],"act":[201,388],"violence":[203,475,632,637],"such":[205,267],"scale":[207],"could":[208],"have":[209],"been":[210],"carried":[211],"out":[212],"unless":[213],"it":[214,341,438,453,465,472,487],"had":[215,295],"general":[216],"support":[217],"(205);":[218],"largely":[222],"what":[223],"so":[225,645],"appalling":[226],"about":[227],"it.":[228],"He":[229],"concludes,":[230],"There":[231],"good":[234],"cause":[235],"if":[236,571],"applaud":[239],"then":[240],"at":[241,361],"least":[242],"condone":[244],"rather":[245,334],"than":[246,335,528],"deplore":[248],"(208)--but":[256],"I":[257],"don't":[258],"think":[259],"so.":[260],"later":[263],"thought":[265],"Anglo-Saxon":[269,365,423],"Kristalnacht":[270],"sends":[271],"shiver":[273],"down":[274],"spine.":[276],"made":[279,384],"certain":[281,420],"kind":[282],"sense,":[284],"course,":[286,562],"revenge":[288,324,330,483],"for":[289,329,395,434,495],"decades":[290],"Viking":[292],"atrocities.":[293],"Raids":[294],"resumed":[296],"978,":[298],"year":[300],"accession,":[303],"nearly":[305],"century's":[307],"remission.":[308],"From":[309],"point":[312],"view,":[314],"only":[318],"illustrates":[319],"terrible":[321],"inadequacy":[322],"legal":[327,480],"concept,":[328],"falls":[331,342],"groups":[333,340],"individuals,":[336],"within":[338,448],"those":[339],"innocent":[345],"offending":[350],"members.":[351],"reminds":[354],"us":[355,489],"also":[356,536],"similar":[359],"horror":[360],"beginning":[363],"history,":[366],"slaughter":[368],"1200":[370],"monks":[371],"Bangor":[373],"King":[375],"AEthelfrith":[376],"Northumbria":[378],"605.":[380],"too":[383],"sense":[385],"revenge--divine":[390],"vengeance,":[391],"according":[392],"Bede,":[394],"Celtic":[397],"Church's":[398],"refusal":[399],"submit":[401],"Augustine":[403],"Canterbury.(2)":[405],"In":[406,556],"world":[408,413,558],"medieval":[410],"violence--in":[411],"violence,":[415,560,602],"period--the":[416],"Anglo-Saxons":[417],"enjoy":[418],"well-deserved":[421],"reputation.":[422],"site":[427],"constant":[429],"wars":[430],"repeated":[432],"invasions":[433],"half":[435,522],"millennium;":[437],"ruled":[440],"warrior":[442,446],"kings":[443],"class;":[447],"without":[450],"class":[452],"hierarchically":[455],"ordered":[456],"ideology":[459],"which":[460],"idealized":[461],"servitude":[462],"loyalty;":[464],"developed":[466],"precocious":[468],"form":[469],"feudalism;":[471],"regulated":[473],"social":[474],"variety":[478],"transmogrifications":[481],"blood-feud;":[485],"left":[488],"vernacular":[491],"best":[493],"known":[494],"its":[496,606,617],"morbid":[497],"portrayal":[498],"suicidal":[500],"male":[501],"heroics":[502],"martial-arts":[505],"adaptation":[506],"Christian":[509,635],"faith.":[510],"Now":[511],"add":[512],"into":[515],"picture.":[517],"For":[518],"two":[519],"centuries":[523],"shared":[526],"more":[527],"just":[529],"slaughter-field":[531],"Anglo-Saxons.":[534],"They":[535],"shared,":[537],"increasingly":[538],"ninth":[541],"century":[542],"on,":[543],"national":[545],"them,":[548],"culminating":[549],"Anglo-Danish":[552],"kingship":[553],"Cnut.":[555],"reputation":[564],"remains":[568],"unsurpassed.":[569],"Even":[570],"we":[572],"restrict":[573],"ourselves":[574],"written":[577,619],"English,":[580],"poems":[582],"like":[583],"Beowulf":[584],"will":[590],"still":[591],"hold":[592],"pride":[593],"place":[595],"long":[598],"tradition":[599,630],"Germanic":[601],"one":[604],"primary":[607],"epic,":[608],"other":[610],"late":[613],"classical":[614],"formulation":[615],"code--both":[618],"along":[620],"fault-line":[622],"Anglo-Scandinavian":[624],"relations.":[625],"Not":[626],"mention":[628],"literature,":[636],"explicit":[638],"or":[639,642],"implicit,":[640],"brutal":[641],"mystified,":[643],"exposed":[644],"nakedly":[646],"John":[648],"P.":[649],"\u2026":[650]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}