{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217340555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","title":"Impact of global budget combined with pay-for-performance on the quality of care in county hospitals: a difference-in-differences study design with a propensity-score-matched control group using data from Guizhou province, China","display_name":"Impact of global budget combined with pay-for-performance on the quality of care in county hospitals: a difference-in-differences study design with a propensity-score-matched control group using data from Guizhou province, China","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217340555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","mag":"3217340555","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34856985","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8641159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","pdf_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085002170","display_name":"Wuping Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-259X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-259X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wuping Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069576737","display_name":"Weiyan Jian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4886-7263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4886-7263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiyan Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China. jianweiyan@bjmu.edu.cn","Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China. jianweiyan@bjmu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053922781","display_name":"Zhifan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-2489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-2489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073422797","display_name":"Jay Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-1535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-1535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057883594","display_name":"Min Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-8765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-8765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073611041","display_name":"Winnie Chi-Man Yip","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8168-2669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8168-2669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winnie Yip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069576737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":2570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2570},"apc_paid":{"value":2570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2570},"fwci":1.2396,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79327954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"1296","last_page":"1296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.8130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.8130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.09539999812841415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.0681999996304512,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-budget","display_name":"global budget","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pay-for-performance","display_name":"performance-based pay","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provider-payment-reform","display_name":"provider payment reform","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-care","display_name":"quality of care","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/county-hospitals","display_name":"county hospitals","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fee-for-service","display_name":"fee-for-service","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia","display_name":"pneumonia","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistent-asthma","display_name":"persistent asthma","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-myocardial-infarction","display_name":"acute myocardial infarction","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-quality-indicators","display_name":"process quality indicators","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guizhou","display_name":"Guizhou","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137992405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137608","display_name":"Health administration","level":3,"score":0.8355818390846252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.8108328580856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.7931317090988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518773536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918533","display_name":"Nursing research","level":2,"score":0.7525373697280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7442284822463989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5582759380340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5224848389625549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778091340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15749950","display_name":"Quality of Life Research","level":3,"score":0.4783858060836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.4754078984260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33880087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275276","display_name":"Difference in differences","level":2,"score":0.4436694085597992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.41752496361732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.29136863350868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2465880811214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2041333019733429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09716039896011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006766","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, County","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011787","descriptor_name":"Quality of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012052","descriptor_name":"Reimbursement, Incentive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035061","descriptor_name":"Control Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","pdf_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8641159","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8641159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Serv Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34856985","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34856985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC health services research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3480ea7c13514fb4a2c1ec05811159f0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3480ea7c13514fb4a2c1ec05811159f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","pdf_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-021-07338-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307855","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3217340555.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3217340555.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892595029","https://openalex.org/W1964091913","https://openalex.org/W1998670088","https://openalex.org/W2043141621","https://openalex.org/W2057355482","https://openalex.org/W2081268742","https://openalex.org/W2102239397","https://openalex.org/W2110900998","https://openalex.org/W2126468973","https://openalex.org/W2131090152","https://openalex.org/W2167571715","https://openalex.org/W2258259401","https://openalex.org/W2344825919","https://openalex.org/W2383316267","https://openalex.org/W2395959826","https://openalex.org/W2549088142","https://openalex.org/W2576665906","https://openalex.org/W2617106014","https://openalex.org/W2741591398","https://openalex.org/W2793280308","https://openalex.org/W2803981360","https://openalex.org/W2811224012","https://openalex.org/W2896766905","https://openalex.org/W2898728955","https://openalex.org/W2914205325","https://openalex.org/W2947249265","https://openalex.org/W2954918427","https://openalex.org/W2957564163","https://openalex.org/W2974733684","https://openalex.org/W2977700483","https://openalex.org/W3021307265","https://openalex.org/W3022921092","https://openalex.org/W3031094411","https://openalex.org/W3093941914","https://openalex.org/W3107040531","https://openalex.org/W3137808253","https://openalex.org/W3183940112","https://openalex.org/W6765494080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6920914960","https://openalex.org/W1534304883","https://openalex.org/W2288700000","https://openalex.org/W3016465862","https://openalex.org/W2617106014","https://openalex.org/W2048061408","https://openalex.org/W4282921323","https://openalex.org/W2380034412","https://openalex.org/W4286560150","https://openalex.org/W2164870148"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Provider":[1],"payment":[2,216,231],"system":[3,10,217,232],"has":[4],"a":[5,14],"profound":[6],"impact":[7,42],"on":[8,48,139],"health":[9],"performance.":[11],"In":[12],"2016,":[13],"number":[15],"of":[16,35,43,51,53,63,141,151,154,162,167,173,185,204,210,229,237,246],"counties":[17],"in":[18,55,58,79,85,157,177,189,201,212],"rural":[19],"Guizhou,":[20],"China,":[21],"implemented":[22,83,103],"global":[23,214],"budget":[24,215],"(GB)":[25],"for":[26,117,122,143],"county":[27],"hospitals":[28,57,78,100],"with":[29,46,159,169,179,191,226],"quality":[30,50,140,223,236],"control":[31,109,121],"measures.":[32],"The":[33,208],"aim":[34],"this":[36],"study":[37],"is":[38],"to":[39,120,135,220],"measure":[40],"the":[41,49,90,108,132,144,149,213,222,227,230,235,244,247],"GB":[44,84],"combined":[45],"pay-for-performance":[47,211,248],"care":[52,142],"inpatients":[54],"county-level":[56,77,99],"China.":[59],"METHODS:":[60],"Inpatient":[61],"cases":[62,96],"four":[64,145],"diseases,":[65],"including":[66],"pneumonia,":[67,160],"chronic":[68,192],"asthma,":[69],"acute":[70,180],"myocardial":[71,181],"infarction":[72,182],"and":[73,93,125,171,233],"stroke,":[74],"from":[75,97],"16":[76],"Guizhou":[80],"province":[81],"that":[82,101],"2016":[86],"were":[87,105,129],"selected":[88],"as":[89,107],"intervention":[91],"group,":[92],"similar":[94],"inpatient":[95],"10":[98],"still":[102],"fee-for-services":[104],"used":[106,116],"group.":[110],"Propensity":[111],"matching":[112,119],"score":[113],"(PSM)":[114],"was":[115],"data":[118],"age":[123],"factors,":[124],"difference-in-differences":[126],"(DID)":[127],"models":[128],"constructed":[130],"using":[131],"matched":[133],"samples":[134],"perform":[136],"regression":[137],"analysis":[138],"diseases.":[146],"RESULTS:":[147],"After":[148],"implementation":[150],"GB,":[152],"rate":[153,161,166,172],"sputum":[155],"culture":[156],"patients":[158,178],"aspirin":[163],"at":[164],"discharge,":[165],"discharge":[168],"\u03b2-blocker":[170],"smoking":[174],"cessation":[175],"advice":[176],"increased.":[183],"Rate":[184],"oxygenation":[186],"index":[187],"assessment":[188],"patient":[190],"asthma":[193],"decreased":[194],"20.3%.":[195],"There":[196],"are":[197],"no":[198],"significant":[199],"changes":[200],"other":[202],"indicators":[203],"process":[205],"quality.":[206],"CONCLUSIONS:":[207],"inclusion":[209,245],"will":[218],"help":[219],"reduce":[221],"risks":[224],"associated":[225],"reform":[228,240],"improve":[234],"care.":[238],"Future":[239],"should":[241],"also":[242],"consider":[243],"mechanism.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}