{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217001237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2112.01296","title":"A note on sampling biases in the Bangladesh mask trial","display_name":"A note on sampling biases in the Bangladesh mask trial","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217001237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2112.01296","mag":"3217001237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2112.01296","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.01296","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.01296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.01296","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034705320","display_name":"Maria D. Chikina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-5403","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-5403"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chikina, Maria","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054318475","display_name":"Wesley Pegden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-1817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-1817"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pegden, Wesley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012870568","display_name":"Benjamin Recht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-593X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-593X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Recht, Benjamin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.3711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.3711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.14390000700950623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.0868000015616417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-bias","display_name":"sampling bias","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unblinding","display_name":"unblinding","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-behavior","display_name":"employee behavior","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-distancing","display_name":"social distancing","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seroprevalence","display_name":"seroprevalence","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-response-bias","display_name":"survey response bias","score":0.718999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100480397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836899","display_name":"Treatment and control groups","level":2,"score":0.5456968545913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31957729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282877","display_name":"Distancing","level":5,"score":0.5289704203605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.4903292953968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4760448932647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.471975177526474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4618062376976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.4590432047843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183380357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776598","display_name":"Cluster sampling","level":3,"score":0.4555753767490387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.4393294155597687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987370644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836903","display_name":"Treatment effect","level":2,"score":0.4362652599811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.42977967858314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42129021883010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4145217537879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3248105049133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.2937605082988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2623072862625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.13131165504455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.12761938571929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09344950318336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2112.01296","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.01296","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.01296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3217001237","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.01296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2112.01296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2112.01296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2112.01296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2112.01296","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.01296","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.01296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762990020"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"recent":[1],"cluster":[2],"trial":[3,64],"in":[4,26,128,164,168],"Bangladesh":[5],"randomized":[6],"600":[7],"villages":[8],"into":[9],"300":[10],"treatment/control":[11],"pairs,":[12],"to":[13,20,124,139],"evaluate":[14],"the":[15,38,41,60,89,93,101,113,154,169],"impact":[16],"of":[17,40,92,103,112],"an":[18],"intervention":[19],"increase":[21],"mask-wearing.":[22],"Data":[23],"was":[24],"analyzed":[25],"a":[27,125],"generalized":[28],"linear":[29],"model":[30],"and":[31,45,51,120,132,159],"significance":[32],"asserted":[33],"with":[34],"parametric":[35],"tests":[36,70],"for":[37,47],"rate":[39],"primary":[42,90],"outcome":[43,91],"(symptomatic":[44],"seropositive":[46],"COVID-19)":[48],"between":[49,118,130],"treatment":[50,119,131],"control":[52,121,133],"villages.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55,63,75,140],"short":[56],"note":[57],"we":[58,77,98],"re-analyze":[59],"data":[61],"from":[62],"using":[65],"standard":[66],"non-parametric":[67],"paired":[68],"statistics":[69],"on":[71,157,174],"treatment/village":[72],"pairs.":[73],"With":[74],"approach,":[76],"find":[78,99],"that":[79,100,172],"behavioral":[80],"outcomes":[81,171],"like":[82],"physical":[83],"distancing":[84],"are":[85],"highly":[86,115],"significant,":[87],"while":[88],"study":[94,108,170],"is":[95,110,144],"not.":[96],"Importantly,":[97],"behavior":[102,161],"unblinded":[104],"staff":[105,158],"when":[106,146],"enrolling":[107],"participants":[109],"one":[111],"most":[114],"significant":[116,126,155],"differences":[117,167],"groups,":[122],"contributing":[123],"imbalance":[127,141],"denominators":[129],"groups.":[134],"The":[135],"potential":[136],"bias":[137],"leading":[138],"suggests":[142],"caution":[143,163],"warranted":[145],"evaluating":[147],"rates":[148],"rather":[149],"than":[150],"counts.":[151],"More":[152],"broadly,":[153],"impacts":[156],"participant":[160],"urge":[162],"interpreting":[165],"small":[166],"depended":[173],"survey":[175],"response.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
