{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216636428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","title":"The Effect of People Recommenders on Echo Chambers and Polarization","display_name":"The Effect of People Recommenders on Echo Chambers and Polarization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216636428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","mag":"3216636428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/download/19275/19047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284482","display_name":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","issn_l":"2162-3449","issn":["2162-3449","2334-0770"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/download/19275/19047","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035910541","display_name":"Federico Cinus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5910-7354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5910-7354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134940468","display_name":"Institute for Scientific Interchange","ror":"https://ror.org/00te2x188","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134940468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Cinus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sapienza University, Rome, Italy\nISI Foundation, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University, Rome, Italy\nISI Foundation, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134940468","https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041779550","display_name":"Marco Minici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-8916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-8916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Minici","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa, Italy\nICAR-CNR, Rende, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Italy\nICAR-CNR, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504","https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002012048","display_name":"Corrado Monti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6846-5718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6846-5718"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134940468","display_name":"Institute for Scientific Interchange","ror":"https://ror.org/00te2x188","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134940468"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corrado Monti","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134940468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022272025","display_name":"Francesco Bonchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-8315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-8315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254681","display_name":"EURECAT Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/023yvt917","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254681"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Bonchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centai, Turin, Italy\nEurecat, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centai, Turin, Italy\nEurecat, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.5614,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9987725,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"90","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.0340999998152256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo-chambers","display_name":"echo chambers","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-polarization","display_name":"political polarization","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-algorithms","display_name":"social media algorithms","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-recommendation","display_name":"link recommendation","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opinion-dynamics","display_name":"opinion dynamics","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homophily","display_name":"homophily","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-modularity","display_name":"network modularity","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-confidence-model","display_name":"bounded confidence model","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemological-model","display_name":"epistemological model","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention-strategies","display_name":"intervention strategies","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891525","display_name":"Homophily","level":2,"score":0.9520303606987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.7875213623046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6637889742851257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5579782128334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.4918808937072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.45779284834861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4503074586391449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43169469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580922","display_name":"Preprint","level":2,"score":0.4146363437175751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3311220705509186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33095353841781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2431875765323639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18254730105400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10706096887588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/download/19275/19047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284482","display_name":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","issn_l":"2162-3449","issn":["2162-3449","2334-0770"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1275220","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1275220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1671316","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1671316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19275","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/download/19275/19047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284482","display_name":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","issn_l":"2162-3449","issn":["2162-3449","2334-0770"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216636428.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216636428.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19684845","https://openalex.org/W1583059097","https://openalex.org/W1686065478","https://openalex.org/W1854214752","https://openalex.org/W1865958364","https://openalex.org/W1981202432","https://openalex.org/W2015628539","https://openalex.org/W2023655578","https://openalex.org/W2034586501","https://openalex.org/W2039976898","https://openalex.org/W2050557482","https://openalex.org/W2067825627","https://openalex.org/W2083689991","https://openalex.org/W2096826541","https://openalex.org/W2137809006","https://openalex.org/W2138621811","https://openalex.org/W2163179583","https://openalex.org/W2167366384","https://openalex.org/W2423682914","https://openalex.org/W2611885487","https://openalex.org/W2747005671","https://openalex.org/W2790854217","https://openalex.org/W2792053130","https://openalex.org/W2801625228","https://openalex.org/W2899324216","https://openalex.org/W2900227103","https://openalex.org/W3004621088","https://openalex.org/W3011395833","https://openalex.org/W3037569409","https://openalex.org/W3081047394","https://openalex.org/W3101507098","https://openalex.org/W3122139608","https://openalex.org/W3127024247","https://openalex.org/W3133423348","https://openalex.org/W4200585088","https://openalex.org/W4232932184","https://openalex.org/W6640200805","https://openalex.org/W6717622092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185373886","https://openalex.org/W3010567961","https://openalex.org/W4200127153","https://openalex.org/W4385338594","https://openalex.org/W3119171992","https://openalex.org/W2560747187","https://openalex.org/W1971924293","https://openalex.org/W2011190096","https://openalex.org/W3175275009","https://openalex.org/W3080545259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"effects":[1],"of":[2,42,52,79,85,121,173,177,225],"online":[3],"social":[4,36,54],"media":[5,37],"on":[6,27,82,91],"critical":[7],"issues,":[8],"such":[9,154,163],"as":[10,45],"polarization":[11],"and":[12,60,98,123,143,246],"misinformation,":[13],"are":[14,41,64,156,233],"under":[15],"scrutiny":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,49,75,103,113,134,169,192,235],"the":[19,31,50,53,58,61,77,83,136,140,144,175,210,217,223,226],"disruptive":[20],"consequences":[21],"that":[22,185,215],"these":[23,128],"phenomena":[24],"can":[25,150,166,188],"have":[26],"our":[28],"societies.":[29],"Among":[30],"algorithms":[32],"routinely":[33],"used":[34,168],"by":[35,171],"platforms,":[38],"people-recommender":[39],"systems":[40],"special":[43],"interest,":[44],"they":[46],"directly":[47],"contribute":[48],"evolution":[51,84],"network":[55,111,218],"structure,":[56],"affecting":[57],"information":[59],"opinions":[62],"users":[63],"exposed":[65],"to.":[66],"In":[67,101],"this":[68,200],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,107,126,213],"propose":[71],"a":[72,109,131,164,193,242],"novel":[73],"framework":[74,165],"assess":[76,152],"effect":[78,224],"people":[80,186],"recommenders":[81,187],"opinions.":[86],"Our":[87,148,181],"proposal":[88],"is":[89,205,229],"based":[90],"Monte":[92],"Carlo":[93],"simulations":[94],"combining":[95],"link":[96],"recommendation":[97,227],"opinion-dynamics":[99],"models.":[100],"order":[102],"control":[104],"initial":[105,207],"conditions,":[106],"define":[108],"random":[110],"model":[112,245],"generate":[114],"graphs":[115],"with":[116,118],"opinions,":[117],"tunable":[119],"amounts":[120],"modularity":[122],"homophily.":[124],"Finally,":[125],"join":[127],"elements":[129],"into":[130],"methodology":[132],"able":[133],"study":[135],"causal":[137],"relationship":[138],"between":[139],"recommender":[141],"system":[142],"echo":[145,197,221],"chamber":[146],"effect.":[147],"method":[149],"also":[151,160],"if":[153,203,216],"relationships":[155],"statistically":[157],"significant.":[158],"We":[159],"show":[161],"how":[162],"be":[167],"measure,":[170],"means":[172],"simulations,":[174],"impact":[176],"different":[178,238],"intervention":[179],"strategies.":[180],"thorough":[182],"experimentation":[183],"shows":[184],"in":[189,196,209],"fact":[190],"lead":[191],"significant":[194],"increase":[195],"chambers.":[198],"However,":[199],"happens":[201],"only":[202],"there":[204],"considerable":[206],"homophily":[208],"network.":[211],"Also,":[212],"find":[214],"already":[219],"contains":[220],"chambers,":[222],"algorithm":[228],"negligible.":[230],"Such":[231],"findings":[232],"robust":[234],"two":[236],"very":[237],"opinion":[239],"dynamics":[240],"models,":[241],"bounded":[243],"confidence":[244],"an":[247],"epistemological":[248],"model.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}