{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216636366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153095","title":"The IL-2/IL-15 Mimetic NL-201 Prevents Myeloma Relapse after ASCT By Expanding Highly Cytolytic T Cells in the Bone Marrow That Are Resistant to Exhaustion","display_name":"The IL-2/IL-15 Mimetic NL-201 Prevents Myeloma Relapse after ASCT By Expanding Highly Cytolytic T Cells in the Bone Marrow That Are Resistant to Exhaustion","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216636366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153095","mag":"3216636366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood-2021-153095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068111376","display_name":"Simone A. Minnie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-9264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-9264"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone A Minnie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074914928","display_name":"Nicole S Nemychenkov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole S Nemychenkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021019115","display_name":"Shuichiro Takahashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3850-0559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3850-0559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuichiro Takahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088152896","display_name":"Christine R. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2051-0825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2051-0825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine R Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083109115","display_name":"Samuel R.W. Legg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel RW Legg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007705014","display_name":"Kathleen S. Ensbey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen S Ensbey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053083873","display_name":"Geoffrey R. Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-0429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-0429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey R Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA","Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"138","issue":"Supplement 1","first_page":"1609","last_page":"1609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10649","display_name":"Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10649","display_name":"Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-myeloma","display_name":"multiple myeloma","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autologous-stem-cell-transplantation","display_name":"autologous stem cell transplantation","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-exhaustion","display_name":"T cell exhaustion","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxic-t-lymphocytes","display_name":"cytotoxic T lymphocytes","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-t-cells","display_name":"CD4+ T cells","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd8-t-cells","display_name":"CD8+ T cells","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-2-receptor-alpha","display_name":"IL-2 receptor alpha","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor microenvironment","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurable-residual-disease","display_name":"minimal residual disease","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adoptive-t-cell-therapy","display_name":"adoptive T cell therapy","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6182815432548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780007613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546523","display_name":"Bone marrow","level":2,"score":0.5926746129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776364478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467635","display_name":"Multiple myeloma","level":2,"score":0.5741968154907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.5715687870979309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79484868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5971673","display_name":"IL-2 receptor","level":4,"score":0.5554413199424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167672396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800","display_name":"CD8","level":3,"score":0.4912340044975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.4739815294742584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.46070849895477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4603862762451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.4555342197418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779050716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826373","display_name":"Autologous stem-cell transplantation","level":3,"score":0.43919503688812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.35321465134620667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood-2021-153095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7400000095367432}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889043118","https://openalex.org/W3094273986","https://openalex.org/W2043667488","https://openalex.org/W3031202510","https://openalex.org/W583323885","https://openalex.org/W2187733447","https://openalex.org/W2073944708","https://openalex.org/W2085584508","https://openalex.org/W1994903901","https://openalex.org/W2606698660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Multiple":[1],"myeloma":[2,95,198,347,370,382,587],"(MM)":[3],"is":[4,13,67],"a":[5,45,63,73,141],"bone":[6,548],"marrow":[7,549],"(BM)":[8],"resident":[9,550],"hematological":[10,599],"malignancy":[11],"that":[12,82,146,192,243,364,558],"becoming":[14],"increasingly":[15],"recognized":[16],"as":[17],"one":[18],"amenable":[19],"to":[20,52,88,170,172,231,360,402,469,504,522,539,561],"immunotherapy,":[21],"although":[22],"no":[23],"therapies":[24],"have":[25,79],"yet":[26],"provided":[27],"durable,":[28],"long-term":[29,94],"disease":[30,71,352],"control.":[31],"Autologous":[32],"stem":[33],"cell":[34,110,203,414,435],"transplantation":[35],"(ASCT),":[36],"the":[37,53,58,83,107,120,137,149,155,168,181,324,355,372,391,399,449,492,526,565,572,579,596],"standard":[38],"of":[39,55,60,85,122,154,197,311,357,369,385,394,451,491,528,567,583,598],"care":[40],"in":[41,57,92,98,371,398,426,437,465,479,486,497,506,515,520,571,585,592],"eligible":[42],"patients,":[43],"provides":[44],"window":[46],"for":[47,261,268,277,595],"intervention":[48],"with":[49,119,128,185,217,272,279,285,333,405],"immunotherapy":[50],"due":[51],"induction":[54],"inflammation":[56],"context":[59],"lymphodepletion":[61],"at":[62,103,265,354,383],"time":[64,356,384],"where":[65],"there":[66],"also":[68,513],"minimal":[69],"residual":[70],"and":[72,151,175,205,219,226,248,282,318,329,367,473,525,542,554,588],"disrupted":[74],"tumor":[75],"microenvironment":[76],"(TME).":[77],"We":[78,190,209,338],"previously":[80],"established":[81],"addition":[84],"T":[86,109,177,202,220,250,396,413,434,442,454,461,477,495,518,530,556,569],"cells":[87,178,221,255,397,443,455,496,519,531,557,570],"BM":[89,218,315,400,573],"grafts":[90],"results":[91],"enhanced":[93],"control":[96,196,262],"post-transplant":[97],"mice.":[99,508],"Novel":[100],"approaches":[101],"aimed":[102],"improving":[104],"and/or":[105],"expanding":[106],"endogenous":[108],"response":[111,521],"early":[112,207],"post-ASCT":[113],"may":[114],"therefore":[115],"prove":[116],"highly":[117],"effective":[118],"benefit":[121],"avoiding":[123,180],"ex":[124],"vivo":[125],"processing":[126],"associated":[127,184],"other":[129],"cellular":[130],"therapies.":[131],"To":[132,306],"explore":[133],"this,":[134],"we":[135,313],"utilized":[136],"IL-2/IL-15":[138],"mimetic":[139,145],"NL-201:":[140],"de":[142],"novo":[143],"cytokine":[144],"signals":[147],"via":[148,188],"beta":[150],"gamma":[152],"subunits":[153],"IL-2":[156,186],"receptor":[157],"without":[158],"engaging":[159],"IL-2R\u03b1":[160],"(CD25).":[161],"In":[162,374],"pre-clinical":[163],"studies,":[164],"NL-201":[165,193,228,238,269,278,290,294,298,300,388,523,537,546,584,591],"has":[166],"demonstrated":[167],"ability":[169],"signal":[171],"effector":[173],"CD4":[174,247,286,517,555],"CD8":[176,249,280,395,412,433,441,453,494,553],"while":[179,448],"toxicity":[182],"usually":[183],"signaling":[187],"IL-2R\u03b1.":[189],"hypothesized":[191],"would":[194],"enhance":[195],"progression":[199,353],"by":[200,534],"stimulating":[201],"proliferation":[204],"activation":[206],"post-ASCT.":[208],"transplanted":[210],"lethally":[211],"irradiated":[212],"Vk*MYC":[213],"myeloma-bearing":[214],"B6":[215,224],"recipients":[216,340,379],"graft":[222],"from":[223,229,316],"donors":[225],"administered":[227,328],"D+7":[230],"week":[232],"6":[233],"(225":[234],"\u03bcg/kg":[235],"weekly":[236],"I.P).":[237],"promoted":[239],"potent":[240],"anti-myeloma":[241],"immunity":[242],"was":[244,258,327,416,463,512,532],"dependent":[245,366],"on":[246,342],"cells,":[251],"but":[252,429],"not":[253,431],"NK":[254,273],"(median":[256],"survival":[257],"68":[259],"days":[260,267,276,284,322],"mice,":[263],"unreached":[264],">120":[266],"alone":[270],"or":[271,303,349,407],"depletion,":[274,281],"86":[275],"74":[283],"depletion;":[287],"PBS":[288,292,317,480,483,540],"vs":[289,293,299,421],"p<0.01;":[291,297],"+":[295,301],"\u03b1NK1.1":[296],"\u03b1CD4":[302],"\u03b1CD8":[304],"p<0.05).":[305],"further":[307],"elucidate":[308],"potential":[309,582],"mechanisms":[310],"action":[312],"harvested":[314],"NL-201-treated":[319,378,427,466,498],"mice":[320,404,467,475,499,544],"2":[321],"after":[323,536],"last":[325],"dose":[326],"performed":[330],"comprehensive":[331],"immunophenotyping":[332],"high":[334],"parameter":[335],"flow":[336],"cytometry.":[337],"grouped":[339],"based":[341],"whether":[343],"they":[344],"had":[345,350,380],"controlled":[346,381,406],"(MM-controlled)":[348],"active":[351],"harvest":[358],"(MM-relapsed)":[359],"reveal":[361],"immunological":[362],"phenotypes":[363],"were":[365,445],"independent":[368],"TME.":[373,574],"these":[375,576],"experiments,":[376],"all":[377],"harvest.":[386],"Mechanistically,":[387],"significantly":[389],"expanded":[390,547],"total":[392],"number":[393,415,436],"compared":[401,468,503,538],"PBS-treated":[403,471,507],"relapsed":[408],"MM":[409],"(PBS-treated":[410],"mean":[411],"1.0":[417],"x":[418,423],"10":[419,424],"5/femur":[420,425],"7.7":[422],"mice)":[428],"did":[430],"impact":[432],"peripheral":[438],"blood.":[439],"Memory":[440],"(CD44+CD62L+)":[444],"preferentially":[446],"expanded,":[447],"frequency":[450,527,566],"exhausted":[452],"(TOX":[456],"+PD-1":[457],"+TIGIT":[458],"+CD39":[459],"+;":[460],"EX)":[462],"reduced":[464,533],"both":[470],"MM-relapsed":[472,543],"MM-controlled":[474,541],"(75%":[476],"EX":[478],"MM-relapsed,":[481],"15%":[482],"MM-controlled,":[484],"2%":[485],"NL-201;":[487],"p<0.001).":[488],"Surprisingly,":[489],">80%":[490],"memory":[493,552],"produced":[500],"granzyme":[501],"B":[502,510],"<10%":[505],"Granzyme":[509],"production":[511],"observed":[514],"conventional":[516],"treatment,":[524],"regulatory":[529,568],"50%":[535],"(p<0.001).":[545],"cytotoxic":[551],"are":[559],"resistant":[560],"exhaustion,":[562],"whilst":[563],"reducing":[564],"Together,":[575],"data":[577],"highlight":[578],"promising":[580],"therapeutic":[581],"multiple":[586],"support":[589],"testing":[590],"clinical":[593],"trials":[594],"treatment":[597],"malignancies.":[600],"Disclosures":[601],"Hill:":[602],"NapaJen":[603],"Pharma:":[604],"Consultancy;":[605,629],"Roche:":[606],"Research":[607,611,616,621,625],"Funding;":[608,612,617,622,626],"Syndax":[609],"Pharmaceuticals:":[610],"iTeos":[613],"Therapeutics:":[614,624,628],"Consultancy,":[615],"Applied":[618],"Molecular":[619],"Transport:":[620],"Compass":[623],"NeoLeukin":[627],"Generon":[630],"Corporation:":[631],"Consultancy.":[632]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
