{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216610055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2104.13580","title":"A novel approach to reducing information leakage for quantum key distribution","display_name":"A novel approach to reducing information leakage for quantum key distribution","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216610055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2104.13580","mag":"3216610055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.13580","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.13580","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.13580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.13580","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086137682","display_name":"Haokun Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-821X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-821X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao, Hao-Kun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103104589","display_name":"Qiang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-4985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-4985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Qiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of software engineering , ZhengZhou University of Light Industry , ZhengZhou 450053 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of software engineering , ZhengZhou University of Light Industry , ZhengZhou 450053 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055085448","display_name":"Yucheng Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-1958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-1958"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao, Yu-Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Lab Cryptography & Information Security , Guilin University of Electronic Technology , Guilin 541004 , Guangxi , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Lab Cryptography & Information Security , Guilin University of Electronic Technology , Guilin 541004 , Guangxi , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076087530","display_name":"Bingze Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7451-9695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7451-9695"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan, Bing-Ze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101480785","display_name":"Bingjie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-8204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-8204"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Bing-Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Security Communication Laboratory , Institute of Southwestern Communication , Chengdu , 610041 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Security Communication Laboratory , Institute of Southwestern Communication , Chengdu , 610041 , China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051434121","display_name":"Ahmed A. Abd El\u2010Latif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-2033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-2033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["CN","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"EL-Latif, Ahmed A. Abd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science , Faculty of Science , Menoufia University , Shebin El-Koom , Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science , Faculty of Science , Menoufia University , Shebin El-Koom , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Li, Qiong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Qiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"quantum key distribution","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"information leakage","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-key-rate","display_name":"secret key rate","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twin-field-qkd","display_name":"twin-field QKD","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-number-splitting-attack","display_name":"photon number splitting attack","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-processing","display_name":"post-processing","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.8858978748321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.8658930063247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78203541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2566969","display_name":"BB84","level":5,"score":0.8292564749717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7620711326599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5946788787841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983568541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Information transmission","level":2,"score":0.5633816719055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5277769565582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4945685565471649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4771251678466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.46968013048171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46416500210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.4501039683818817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.41929543018341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3780222237110138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3570949137210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.2929159998893738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25751006603240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1980127990245819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1924562156200409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18084269762039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1750449538230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.16663438081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.13580","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.13580","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.13580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2104.13580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2104.13580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2104.13580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.13580","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.13580","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.13580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1157511306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3711355650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216610055.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216610055.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182556035","https://openalex.org/W1677861335","https://openalex.org/W1713823965","https://openalex.org/W1716995571","https://openalex.org/W1959936891","https://openalex.org/W2047463679","https://openalex.org/W2065368731","https://openalex.org/W2071764857","https://openalex.org/W2099213070","https://openalex.org/W2099688651","https://openalex.org/W2100257068","https://openalex.org/W2117373641","https://openalex.org/W2131705908","https://openalex.org/W2136747138","https://openalex.org/W2170240091","https://openalex.org/W2783298804","https://openalex.org/W2799278992","https://openalex.org/W2799453583","https://openalex.org/W2803691034","https://openalex.org/W2807454218","https://openalex.org/W2952462338","https://openalex.org/W2996086690","https://openalex.org/W3082250013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6966847536","https://openalex.org/W3159184353","https://openalex.org/W4409780466","https://openalex.org/W7118761797","https://openalex.org/W3130841161","https://openalex.org/W2974841615","https://openalex.org/W2074502042","https://openalex.org/W3124600972","https://openalex.org/W3099750387","https://openalex.org/W7213560589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"key":[1,32],"distribution":[2],"(QKD)":[3],"is":[4,26,98,135],"an":[5],"important":[6],"branch":[7],"of":[8,52,77,90,158,174],"quantum":[9,78,107,132],"information":[10,50,66,75,88,114,156,175],"science":[11],"as":[12,122,199,201],"it":[13,140],"holds":[14],"promise":[15],"for":[16,177,185],"unconditionally":[17],"secure":[18,31],"communication.":[19],"For":[20],"QKD":[21,160],"research,":[22],"a":[23,59,159],"central":[24],"issue":[25],"to":[27,62,138,170],"improve":[28],"the":[29,36,49,65,71,74,87,113,128,146,155,168,172,197,202],"final":[30],"rate":[33],"(SKR)":[34],"and":[35,80,109,179],"maximal":[37,203],"transmission":[38,204],"distance.":[39],"To":[40],"address":[41],"this":[42,55,164],"issue,":[43],"most":[44],"works":[45],"focused":[46],"on":[47,163],"reducing":[48],"leakage":[51,67,76,89,157,176],"QKD.":[53],"In":[54],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,166],"propose":[58],"novel":[60],"approach":[61,151,194],"further":[63],"reduce":[64,154],"by":[68,95,116,125],"specially":[69],"considering":[70],"overlap":[72,84],"between":[73],"part":[79,92,108,143],"post-processing":[81,91,110,142],"part.":[82,111],"The":[83],"means":[85],"that":[86,192],"caused":[93],"solely":[94],"multi-photon":[96,117],"pulses":[97,118],"considered":[99,121],"twice":[100],"in":[101,106,131,141],"previous":[102],"studies,":[103],"i.e.,":[104],"both":[105],"Since":[112],"carried":[115],"has":[119],"been":[120],"completely":[123],"known":[124],"Eve":[126],"through":[127],"photon-number-splitting":[129],"attack":[130],"part,":[133],"there":[134],"no":[136],"need":[137],"consider":[139],"repetitively":[144],"during":[145],"SKR":[147,198],"calculation.":[148],"Therefore,":[149],"our":[150,193],"can":[152],"theoretically":[153],"protocol.":[161],"Based":[162],"idea,":[165],"derive":[167],"formulas":[169],"calculate":[171],"amount":[173],"decoy-BB84":[178],"sending-or-not-sending":[180],"twin-field":[181],"protocols.":[182],"Simulation":[183],"results":[184],"these":[186],"two":[187],"typical":[188],"protocols":[189],"also":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"evidently":[195],"improves":[196],"well":[200],"distance":[205],"under":[206],"practical":[207],"experimental":[208],"parameters.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}
