{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216505992","doi":null,"title":"Pattern and extent of threats to African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Kainji Lake and Okomu National Parks in Nigeria","display_name":"Pattern and extent of threats to African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Kainji Lake and Okomu National Parks in Nigeria","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216505992","mag":"3216505992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3216505992","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe/article/view/217257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764535519","display_name":"Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment","issn_l":"2141-1778","issn":["2141-1778"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe/article/view/217257","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051742833","display_name":"I.M. Goni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I.M. Goni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023958128","display_name":"Ebenezer Abayomi Agbelusi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.A. Agbelusi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031664783","display_name":"BG Ogunjemite","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BG Ogunjemite","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091613877","display_name":"O.K. Azeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-3942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-3942"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O.K. Azeez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-3942","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062325655","display_name":"S.O. Odewumi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.O. Odewumi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110242655","display_name":"Adekunle Anthony Ogunjinmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1656-4850","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1656-4850"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adekunle Anthony Ogunjinmi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089502873","display_name":"E.T. Abidakun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.T. Abidakun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"98","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12965","display_name":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-buffalo","display_name":"African buffalo","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syncerus-caffer","display_name":"Syncerus caffer","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threats-to-wildlife","display_name":"wildlife threats","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kainji-lake-national-park","display_name":"Kainji Lake National Park","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/okomu-national-park","display_name":"Okomu National Park","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poaching","display_name":"poaching","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illegal-grazing","display_name":"illegal grazing","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illegal-logging","display_name":"illegal logging","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife-decline","display_name":"wildlife decline","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-park-management","display_name":"national park management","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropogenic-threats","display_name":"anthropogenic threats","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-area-conservation","display_name":"protected area conservation","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780993040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46169","display_name":"National park","level":2,"score":0.8551673293113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6931979656219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3239189","display_name":"Grazing","level":2,"score":0.555371880531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5427960753440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.5209640264511108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112964050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459","display_name":"Livestock","level":2,"score":0.4759768545627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.4748941957950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.47303861379623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.44736385345458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.36482906341552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.28372812271118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.23938477039337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.10746604204177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08732050657272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06880420446395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3216505992","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe/article/view/217257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764535519","display_name":"Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment","issn_l":"2141-1778","issn":["2141-1778"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3216505992","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe/article/view/217257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764535519","display_name":"Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment","issn_l":"2141-1778","issn":["2141-1778"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486944801","https://openalex.org/W1568217162","https://openalex.org/W1915840997","https://openalex.org/W1951929767","https://openalex.org/W1972658187","https://openalex.org/W1975003353","https://openalex.org/W1979287319","https://openalex.org/W1986968678","https://openalex.org/W2022276758","https://openalex.org/W2023733164","https://openalex.org/W2039141629","https://openalex.org/W2057732249","https://openalex.org/W2083504817","https://openalex.org/W2115006245","https://openalex.org/W2130144437","https://openalex.org/W2135785143","https://openalex.org/W2151741017","https://openalex.org/W2168101642","https://openalex.org/W2179874967","https://openalex.org/W2526899015","https://openalex.org/W2539138036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986968678","https://openalex.org/W7212987140","https://openalex.org/W2400858816","https://openalex.org/W2299756426","https://openalex.org/W3046200939","https://openalex.org/W2563404988","https://openalex.org/W4392355422","https://openalex.org/W2046463941","https://openalex.org/W3163266525","https://openalex.org/W2116039143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67,84,125],"study":[1,85],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,28,40,57,99],"type,":[4],"pattern":[5],"and":[6,14,22,35,60,79,112,135,163,176],"magnitude":[7],"of":[8,33,73,82,123,186],"threat":[9,70,137],"factors":[10,170],"in":[11,141,189],"Kainji":[12,102],"Lake":[13,103],"Okomu\u00a0":[15],"National":[16,104,116],"Parks,":[17],"Nigeria.":[18],"Field":[19],"Practical":[20],"observation":[21],"socioeconomic":[23,65],"data":[24],"were":[25,43,54,139],"adopted":[26],"for":[27,132],"present":[29],"study.":[30],"A":[31],"total":[32],"60":[34],"42":[36],"field":[37,58],"officers":[38],"from":[39],"two":[41],"Parks":[42,143],"interviewed.":[44],"Seventeen":[45],"potential":[46],"threats":[47,63,95],"that":[48,87,94],"causes":[49],"Syncerus":[50,88,187],"caffer":[51,188],"population":[52,184],"decline":[53,185],"identified":[55],"during":[56],"work":[59],"eleven":[61],"major":[62],"through":[64],"data.":[66],"most":[68],"dangerous":[69],"includes:":[71],"shortage":[72],"fund,":[74],"illegal":[75,77,80,121],"grazing,":[76],"hunting":[78,113],"cutting":[81,122],"trees.":[83,124],"indicates":[86],"cafferi":[89],"are":[90,168],"at":[91],"risk":[92],"and,":[93],"vary":[96],"based":[97],"on":[98],"ecological":[100],"zone.":[101],"Park":[105,117],"was":[106,118],"highly":[107],"subjected":[108],"to":[109,120,171,177,183],"livestock":[110],"grazing":[111],"while":[114],"Okomu":[115],"prone":[119],"Kruskal":[126],"\u2013":[127,154],"Wallis":[128],"test":[129],"showed":[130],"that,":[131],"both":[133,142],"PASI":[134],"PARTI,":[136],"scores":[138],"higher":[140],"(PASI":[144],"-":[145],"r":[146,155],"(4)":[147],"=":[148,151,156,159],"0.93,":[149],"P":[150,158],"0.0052,":[152],"PARTI":[153],"11.39,":[157],"0.0021.":[160],"Multi-sectorial":[161],"approach":[162],"support":[164],"zone":[165],"community":[166],"involvement,":[167],"key":[169],"manage":[172],"national":[173],"parks":[174],"effectively":[175],"reduce":[178],"prevalent":[179],"anthropogenic":[180],"activities":[181],"resulting":[182],"their":[190],"habitats.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}