{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216013169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.004","title":"Probabilistic techno-economic assessment of anaerobic digestion predicts economic benefits to smallholder farmers with quantifiable certainty","display_name":"Probabilistic techno-economic assessment of anaerobic digestion predicts economic benefits to smallholder farmers with quantifiable certainty","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216013169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.004","mag":"3216013169","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34847468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19266977","display_name":"Waste Management","issn_l":"0956-053X","issn":["0956-053X","1879-2456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Waste Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025714914","display_name":"Amsalu Tolessa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-7569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-7569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120176","display_name":"Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03k2bxj15","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120176"]}],"countries":["ET","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amsalu Tolessa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Division, FPIRTC, EEFRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Division, FPIRTC, EEFRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Division, FPIRTC, EEFRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Division, FPIRTC, EEFRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063448218","display_name":"Tobias Muller Louw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-0799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-0799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias M. Louw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082940507","display_name":"Neill Jurgens Goosen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6484-3478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6484-3478"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neill J. Goosen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Electronic address: njgoosen@sun.ac.za","Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Electronic address: njgoosen@sun.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082940507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"apc_list":{"value":3880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3880},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0183,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85029651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"138","issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10284","display_name":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10284","display_name":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13240","display_name":"Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-digestion","display_name":"anaerobic digestion","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farming","display_name":"smallholder farming","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-analysis","display_name":"techno-economic analysis","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-analysis","display_name":"probabilistic analysis","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-simulation","display_name":"Monte Carlo simulation","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-viability","display_name":"financial feasibility","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-feasibility","display_name":"economic feasibility","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-cost-ratio","display_name":"benefit-cost ratio","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"risk assessment","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-waste","display_name":"agricultural waste","score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6511375904083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778709658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4887470","display_name":"Benefit\u2013cost ratio","level":4,"score":0.6114422082901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127454912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis","level":2,"score":0.5762290358543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986190509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755009","display_name":"Economic feasibility","level":2,"score":0.5491499900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499616599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555853","display_name":"Anaerobic digestion","level":3,"score":0.5030035376548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119693030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2180497","display_name":"Economic model","level":2,"score":0.47536104917526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4736160933971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.46444112062454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776125615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391886","display_name":"Economic evaluation","level":2,"score":0.46316444873809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145096142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333450","display_name":"Economic cost","level":2,"score":0.42997369170188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.41076621413230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.394167959690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3922436237335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181230689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192472","display_name":"Net present value","level":3,"score":0.3158101439476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.21562403440475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20602408051490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.14331024885177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067565","descriptor_name":"Farmers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067565","descriptor_name":"Farmers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067565","descriptor_name":"Farmers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000693","descriptor_name":"Anaerobiosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000693","descriptor_name":"Anaerobiosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000693","descriptor_name":"Anaerobiosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19266977","display_name":"Waste Management","issn_l":"0956-053X","issn":["0956-053X","1879-2456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Waste Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34847468","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34847468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Waste management (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5925999879837036,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7229159948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AURG\u2013II\u20131-075-2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327380","funder_display_name":"African Union"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327380","display_name":"African Union","ror":"https://ror.org/020ktwj02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47178274","https://openalex.org/W68903351","https://openalex.org/W1530039003","https://openalex.org/W1584306744","https://openalex.org/W1733859121","https://openalex.org/W1974204079","https://openalex.org/W1977323633","https://openalex.org/W2004750559","https://openalex.org/W2005136762","https://openalex.org/W2012493925","https://openalex.org/W2030686617","https://openalex.org/W2034398404","https://openalex.org/W2034996071","https://openalex.org/W2051502460","https://openalex.org/W2055656384","https://openalex.org/W2069637566","https://openalex.org/W2100254625","https://openalex.org/W2103291099","https://openalex.org/W2103372871","https://openalex.org/W2123284918","https://openalex.org/W2133581175","https://openalex.org/W2137972699","https://openalex.org/W2139816774","https://openalex.org/W2145326065","https://openalex.org/W2153505893","https://openalex.org/W2154995410","https://openalex.org/W2180032840","https://openalex.org/W2226477073","https://openalex.org/W2305876075","https://openalex.org/W2320167927","https://openalex.org/W2519811756","https://openalex.org/W2533952855","https://openalex.org/W2548014388","https://openalex.org/W2562874741","https://openalex.org/W2568583754","https://openalex.org/W2588216843","https://openalex.org/W2599695777","https://openalex.org/W2625946774","https://openalex.org/W2724511084","https://openalex.org/W2761003978","https://openalex.org/W2781937879","https://openalex.org/W2793421501","https://openalex.org/W2794209802","https://openalex.org/W2796854275","https://openalex.org/W2799521486","https://openalex.org/W2801650490","https://openalex.org/W2805091897","https://openalex.org/W2884318723","https://openalex.org/W2944092594","https://openalex.org/W2950399388","https://openalex.org/W3000740854","https://openalex.org/W3089843757","https://openalex.org/W3133838857","https://openalex.org/W3201799861","https://openalex.org/W4229718380","https://openalex.org/W4314936768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385406330","https://openalex.org/W2281879772","https://openalex.org/W2460283170","https://openalex.org/W2431394311","https://openalex.org/W2371834777","https://openalex.org/W2347486902","https://openalex.org/W2503210143","https://openalex.org/W2310397105","https://openalex.org/W2978609107","https://openalex.org/W2185251189"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
