{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215642003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211059992","title":"Importance of Machine Learning in Making Investment Decision in Stock Market","display_name":"Importance of Machine Learning in Making Investment Decision in Stock Market","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215642003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211059992","mag":"3215642003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/02560909211059992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211059992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211059992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172426","display_name":"Vikalpa The Journal for Decision Makers","issn_l":"0256-0909","issn":["0256-0909","2395-3799"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211059992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009670502","display_name":"Akhilesh Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7823-243X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7823-243X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386595","display_name":"S P Jain School of Global Management","ror":"https://ror.org/02832k114","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386595"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akhilesh Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akhilesh Prasad is currently pursuing a Doctor of Business Administration from S. P. Jain School of Global Management, Dubai\u2013Mumbai\u2013Singapore\u2013Sydney. In the past, he has worked on software technology. His core area of interest is quantitative finance and computational finance. He is currently working on building predictive modelling of financial asset in stock market using machine and deep learning algorithms, some of which are already submitted to ABDC journals and under review"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akhilesh Prasad is currently pursuing a Doctor of Business Administration from S. P. Jain School of Global Management, Dubai\u2013Mumbai\u2013Singapore\u2013Sydney. In the past, he has worked on software technology. His core area of interest is quantitative finance and computational finance. He is currently working on building predictive modelling of financial asset in stock market using machine and deep learning algorithms, some of which are already submitted to ABDC journals and under review","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059991435","display_name":"Arumugam Seetharaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-4198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-4198"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386552","display_name":"S P Jain School of Global Management","ror":"https://ror.org/05k4bc948","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386552"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386595","display_name":"S P Jain School of Global Management","ror":"https://ror.org/02832k114","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386623","display_name":"S P Jain School of Global Management","ror":"https://ror.org/03dedp688","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386699","display_name":"S P Jain School of Global Management","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3vbs59","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386699"]}],"countries":["AE","AU","IN","SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arumugam Seetharaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["A. Seetharaman is currently serving as the Dean of Research, S P Jain School of Global Management. He has published more than 340 articles in peer-reviewed journals listed in ISI Thomson Clarivate Analytics, ABDC etc. His research interest lies in developing a model to identify the research gaps in the latest articles published in top-graded journals. These research gaps are transformed into research problems, research questions, research objectives and hypotheses"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A. Seetharaman is currently serving as the Dean of Research, S P Jain School of Global Management. He has published more than 340 articles in peer-reviewed journals listed in ISI Thomson Clarivate Analytics, ABDC etc. His research interest lies in developing a model to identify the research gaps in the latest articles published in top-graded journals. These research gaps are transformed into research problems, research questions, research objectives and hypotheses","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386552","https://openalex.org/I4403386595","https://openalex.org/I4403386623","https://openalex.org/I4403386699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009670502","https://openalex.org/A5059991435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386552","https://openalex.org/I4403386595","https://openalex.org/I4403386623","https://openalex.org/I4403386699"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91139766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"4","first_page":"209","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12123","display_name":"Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-price-prediction","display_name":"stock price prediction","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-market-investment-decisions","display_name":"stock market investment decisions","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trading-signals","display_name":"trading signals","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory","display_name":"long short-term memory","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"reinforcement learning","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-analysis","display_name":"technical analysis","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning-algorithms","display_name":"machine learning algorithms","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sharpe-ratio","display_name":"Sharpe ratio","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trading-profitability","display_name":"trading profitability","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6940054297447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6870399713516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6624536514282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117245426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235038","display_name":"Technical analysis","level":2,"score":0.6321449279785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6139994263648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.4949435591697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780299701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475000","display_name":"Stock market","level":3,"score":0.4611286222934723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617906","display_name":"Stock market prediction","level":4,"score":0.4225970208644867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.35621851682662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.20802459120750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.20004060864448547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1973811686038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/02560909211059992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211059992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211059992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172426","display_name":"Vikalpa The Journal for Decision Makers","issn_l":"0256-0909","issn":["0256-0909","2395-3799"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:vikjou:v:46:y:2021:i:4:p:209-222","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02560909211059992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f764c2dcf2d848dc9c6361b0651b9eff","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f764c2dcf2d848dc9c6361b0651b9eff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Vikalpa, Vol 46 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/02560909211059992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211059992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211059992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172426","display_name":"Vikalpa The Journal for Decision Makers","issn_l":"0256-0909","issn":["0256-0909","2395-3799"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5199999809265137}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174135753","https://openalex.org/W1979083669","https://openalex.org/W2018042870","https://openalex.org/W2335134956","https://openalex.org/W2549882901","https://openalex.org/W2594142095","https://openalex.org/W2748566911","https://openalex.org/W2774559076","https://openalex.org/W2806777472","https://openalex.org/W2809005670","https://openalex.org/W2887178344","https://openalex.org/W2892412430","https://openalex.org/W2914419771","https://openalex.org/W2942690849","https://openalex.org/W2950843237","https://openalex.org/W2963579374","https://openalex.org/W2965771985","https://openalex.org/W2995154733","https://openalex.org/W2999451755","https://openalex.org/W3002348292","https://openalex.org/W3007681660","https://openalex.org/W3048630347","https://openalex.org/W3090904439","https://openalex.org/W3091882082","https://openalex.org/W4234968553","https://openalex.org/W4235266811","https://openalex.org/W4297802510","https://openalex.org/W4365800072","https://openalex.org/W4366658060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7217516917","https://openalex.org/W4323316194","https://openalex.org/W4396918597","https://openalex.org/W2789644788","https://openalex.org/W4402413640","https://openalex.org/W4400172651","https://openalex.org/W4206623110","https://openalex.org/W3015726753","https://openalex.org/W7118012020","https://openalex.org/W4391343059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Executive":[0],"Summary":[1],"Predicting":[2],"stock":[3,51,64,74,105],"trends":[4,107],"in":[5,70,72,100,260],"the":[6,17,23,73,95,101,116,142,170,214,256,261],"financial":[7],"market":[8],"is":[9,208,230,245],"always":[10],"demanding":[11],"but":[12,213],"satisfying":[13],"as":[14,42],"well.":[15],"With":[16],"growing":[18],"power":[19],"of":[20,26,97,103,135,144,202,234],"computing":[21],"and":[22,30,35,47,93,138,153,172,185,241,249],"recent":[24,55],"development":[25],"graphics":[27],"processing":[28,32],"unit":[29],"tensor":[31],"unit,":[33],"analysts":[34],"researchers":[36,57],"are":[37],"applying":[38],"advanced":[39],"techniques":[40,45],"such":[41],"machine":[43,91,129,171,199],"learning":[44,92,130,174,179,200,243],"more":[46,48,121],"to":[49,62,85,114,211],"predict":[50,63],"price":[52,106],"trends.":[53,65],"In":[54,111,190],"years,":[56],"have":[58],"developed":[59],"several":[60],"algorithms":[61,131,244],"To":[66],"assist":[67],"investors":[68],"interested":[69],"investing":[71],"market,":[75],"preferably":[76],"for":[77,151,156,247],"a":[78,225],"short":[79],"period,":[80],"it":[81,218],"has":[82],"become":[83],"necessary":[84],"review":[86,258],"research":[87,124],"papers":[88,125],"dealing":[89],"on":[90,127,217,255],"analyse":[94],"importance":[96],"their":[98,195],"findings":[99,252],"context":[102],"how":[104],"generate":[108],"trading":[109],"signals.":[110],"this":[112],"article,":[113],"achieve":[115],"stated":[117],"task,":[118],"authors":[119],"scrutinized":[120],"than":[122],"50":[123],"focusing":[126],"various":[128],"with":[132],"varied":[133,159],"levels":[134],"input":[136],"variables":[137],"found":[139],"that":[140],"though":[141],"performance":[143,181],"models":[145,158,175],"measured":[146,182],"by":[147,183,197],"root-mean-square":[148],"error":[149],"(RMSE)":[150],"regression":[152],"accuracy":[154,168],"score":[155],"classification":[157],"greatly,":[160],"long":[161],"short-term":[162],"memory":[163],"(LSTM)":[164],"model":[165],"displayed":[166],"higher":[167],"amongst":[169],"deep":[173,240],"reviewed.":[176],"However,":[177],"reinforcement":[178,242],"algorithm":[180],"profitability":[184],"Sharpe":[186],"ratio":[187],"outperformed":[188],"all.":[189],"general,":[191],"traders":[192,248],"can":[193,219],"maximize":[194],"profits":[196],"using":[198,203,227],"instead":[201],"technical":[204,228],"analysis.":[205],"Technical":[206],"analysis":[207,229],"very":[209],"easy":[210],"implement,":[212],"profit":[215,226],"based":[216,254],"vanish":[220],"too":[221],"soon":[222],"or":[223],"making":[224],"almost":[231],"difficult":[232],"because":[233],"its":[235],"simplicity.":[236],"Hence,":[237],"studying":[238],"machine,":[239],"vital":[246],"investors.":[250],"These":[251],"were":[253],"literature":[257],"consolidated":[259],"result":[262],"section.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}