{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215636775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","title":"Discoid lupus erythematosus skin lesion distribution and characteristics in Black patients: a retrospective cohort study","display_name":"Discoid lupus erythematosus skin lesion distribution and characteristics in Black patients: a retrospective cohort study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215636775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","mag":"3215636775","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34853149","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8638450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","pdf_url":"https://lupus.bmj.com/content/lupusscimed/8/1/e000514.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764956401","display_name":"Lupus Science & Medicine","issn_l":"2053-8790","issn":["2053-8790"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lupus Science &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://lupus.bmj.com/content/lupusscimed/8/1/e000514.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031229808","display_name":"Adrienne K. Joseph","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6933-8171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6933-8171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrienne K Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027193363","display_name":"Brandon Windsor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brandon Windsor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047313225","display_name":"Linda Susan Hynan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-7769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-7769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda S Hynan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Population and Data Sciences, Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population and Data Sciences, Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013743459","display_name":"Benjamin F. Chong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-7658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-7658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin F Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-7658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013743459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2391},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2391},"fwci":3.5732,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93859579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"e000514","last_page":"e000514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11330","display_name":"Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10837","display_name":"Dermatology and Skin Diseases","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discoid-lupus-erythematosus","display_name":"discoid lupus erythematosus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-patients","display_name":"Black patients","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-lesion-distribution","display_name":"skin lesion distribution","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyspigmentation","display_name":"dyspigmentation","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalp-involvement","display_name":"scalp involvement","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ear-involvement","display_name":"ear involvement","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cicatricial-alopecia","display_name":"scarring alopecia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.5180000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9581589698791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6315405964851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.6138448119163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.5783072710037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228801","display_name":"Discoid lupus erythematosus","level":4,"score":0.5742436647415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5582232475280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776912625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1485","display_name":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","level":3,"score":0.46418848633766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988168687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949302","display_name":"Skin lesion","level":2,"score":0.43364205956459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775915377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188297","display_name":"Lupus erythematosus","level":3,"score":0.36519622802734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2934015393257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.18979710340499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.13432124257087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.10067558288574219}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008179","descriptor_name":"Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008179","descriptor_name":"Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008179","descriptor_name":"Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008180","descriptor_name":"Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","pdf_url":"https://lupus.bmj.com/content/lupusscimed/8/1/e000514.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764956401","display_name":"Lupus Science & Medicine","issn_l":"2053-8790","issn":["2053-8790"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lupus Science &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8638450","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8638450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lupus Sci Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34853149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34853149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lupus science & medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d5560b233c74ba784a501177d5a6280","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d5560b233c74ba784a501177d5a6280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lupus Science and Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-000514","pdf_url":"https://lupus.bmj.com/content/lupusscimed/8/1/e000514.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764956401","display_name":"Lupus Science & Medicine","issn_l":"2053-8790","issn":["2053-8790"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lupus Science &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3245653505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K23AR0614415","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313227","display_name":"Lupus Research Alliance","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/006zn3t30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215636775.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215636775.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1888090543","https://openalex.org/W2009528646","https://openalex.org/W2047342378","https://openalex.org/W2080150944","https://openalex.org/W2338510796","https://openalex.org/W2800471232","https://openalex.org/W2898325776","https://openalex.org/W2911630412","https://openalex.org/W2969803043","https://openalex.org/W2982328316","https://openalex.org/W3094350968","https://openalex.org/W3142157418","https://openalex.org/W4255195348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3152803125","https://openalex.org/W4387968818","https://openalex.org/W1837244570","https://openalex.org/W4295255264","https://openalex.org/W7215503605","https://openalex.org/W7166720797","https://openalex.org/W2182095659","https://openalex.org/W4416823967","https://openalex.org/W4205547430","https://openalex.org/W7141023262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Epidemiological":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3],"shown":[4],"that":[5,252],"discoid":[6],"lupus":[7],"erythematosus":[8],"(DLE)":[9],"has":[10],"a":[11,61],"higher":[12],"incidence":[13],"and":[14,39,56,64,70,98,104,122,149,172,200,219,249,256,261],"prevalence":[15],"in":[16,35,41,77,90,102,156,232,258],"racial/ethnic":[17],"minority":[18],"groups,":[19],"particularly":[20,214],"Black":[21,42,54,103,125,161,185,226,238,259,267],"individuals.":[22,47],"The":[23],"objective":[24],"of":[25,118,154,167,176,191,211,235],"this":[26,78],"retrospective":[27,79],"cohort":[28,80],"study":[29],"was":[30,84,112],"to":[31,86,114],"identify":[32],"the":[33],"differences":[34,89,231],"DLE":[36,52,95,99,119,128,140,236,254],"lesion":[37,96,100,120],"distribution":[38,97],"characteristics":[40,101],"individuals":[43],"compared":[44,135,181,205],"with":[45,51,60,107,127,136,139,182,206,228,244],"non-Black":[46,58,105,137,183,207],"METHODS:":[48],"183":[49],"patients":[50,55,106,126,138,162,186,227,239,260],"(112":[53],"71":[57],"patients)":[59],"reported":[62],"race/ethnicity":[63],"Cutaneous":[65],"Lupus":[66],"Erythematosus":[67],"Disease":[68],"Area":[69],"Severity":[71],"Index":[72],"(CLASI)":[73],"scores":[74,134],"were":[75],"included":[76],"study.":[81],"Univariate":[82],"analysis":[83],"performed":[85],"determine":[87,115],"significant":[88,116],"demographic":[91],"data,":[92],"clinical":[93,233],"characteristics,":[94],"DLE.":[108,229],"Multivariable":[109],"logistic":[110],"regression":[111],"preformed":[113],"predictors":[117],"location":[121,159],"characteristics.":[123],"RESULTS:":[124],"had":[129,150,163,188],"worse":[130],"baseline":[131],"CLASI":[132],"damage":[133],"(median":[141],"(IQR):":[142],"10.0":[143],"(6.0-14.5)":[144],"vs":[145],"6.0":[146],"(3.0-10.0),":[147],"p<0.001)":[148],"48.9":[151],"greater":[152,165,174,189],"odds":[153,166,175,190],"dyspigmentation":[155,193,197,218],"any":[157],"anatomical":[158],"(p<0.001).":[160],"2.54":[164],"having":[168,177],"scalp":[169,192,217],"involvement":[170,179],"(p=0.015)":[171],"1.97":[173],"ear":[178,196,215],"(p=0.032)":[180],"patients.":[184,208,268],"also":[187],"(OR=5.85,":[194],"p<0.001),":[195],"(OR=2.89,":[198],"p=0.001)":[199,204],"scarring":[201,220],"alopecia":[202],"(OR=3.00,":[203],"CONCLUSIONS:":[209],"Signs":[210],"disease":[212],"damage,":[213],"dyspigmentation,":[216],"alopecia,":[221],"can":[222,240],"more":[223],"frequently":[224],"affect":[225],"Recognising":[230],"presentation":[234,255],"among":[237],"assist":[241],"future":[242],"efforts":[243],"understanding":[245],"biological,":[246],"cultural,":[247],"psychosocial":[248],"systemic":[250],"factors":[251],"influence":[253],"outcomes":[257],"may":[262],"guide":[263],"clinicians":[264],"when":[265],"counselling":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}
