{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215095278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2021.2007087","title":"Consumer profiles of women\u2019s football spectators","display_name":"Consumer profiles of women\u2019s football spectators","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215095278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2021.2007087","mag":"3215095278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/14660970.2021.2007087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2021.2007087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2021.2007087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79386155","display_name":"Soccer and Society","issn_l":"1466-0970","issn":["1466-0970","1743-9590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soccer & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002233971","display_name":"Kirstin Hallmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-0992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-0992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137533716","display_name":"German Sport University Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/0189raq88","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kirstin Hallmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-0992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044395529","display_name":"Thomas Giel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-1204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-1204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137533716","display_name":"German Sport University Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/0189raq88","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Giel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-1204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011800410","display_name":"Simon Beermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-8178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-8178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137533716","display_name":"German Sport University Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/0189raq88","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Beermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091438841","display_name":"Elisa Herold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9932-8722","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9932-8722","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-3960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137533716","display_name":"German Sport University Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/0189raq88","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Herold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035472810","display_name":"Christoph Breuer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6536-2246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6536-2246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137533716","display_name":"German Sport University Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/0189raq88","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Breuer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6536-2246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002233971"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0152,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87093116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"8","first_page":"1010","last_page":"1024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10145","display_name":"Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11474","display_name":"Sport and Mega-Event Impacts","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-football","display_name":"women's football","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/football-spectators","display_name":"football spectators","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-segmentation","display_name":"customer segmentation","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-continuum-model","display_name":"Psychological Continuum Model","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-profile","display_name":"consumer profile","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-connectedness","display_name":"psychological connectedness","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-and-income","display_name":"age and income","score":0.5519999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.8233503103256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6659315824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201943243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551008","display_name":"Social connectedness","level":2,"score":0.5411104559898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5300146341323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.515670657157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5053322911262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301468","display_name":"Consumer behaviour","level":2,"score":0.48301681876182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.4776419699192047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38976767659187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2651592195034027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18937274813652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1649685502052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.14274051785469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1378222107887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1363009214401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0712699294090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06931450963020325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/14660970.2021.2007087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2021.2007087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2021.2007087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79386155","display_name":"Soccer and Society","issn_l":"1466-0970","issn":["1466-0970","1743-9590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soccer & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2962539","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2962539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48449380","https://openalex.org/W62824994","https://openalex.org/W106888090","https://openalex.org/W228399289","https://openalex.org/W317966652","https://openalex.org/W1016593409","https://openalex.org/W1483718637","https://openalex.org/W1564804915","https://openalex.org/W1566930516","https://openalex.org/W1815596065","https://openalex.org/W1965085721","https://openalex.org/W1969226367","https://openalex.org/W1979772540","https://openalex.org/W1980494056","https://openalex.org/W1985419904","https://openalex.org/W1997948275","https://openalex.org/W2011921488","https://openalex.org/W2037392090","https://openalex.org/W2047660459","https://openalex.org/W2051093468","https://openalex.org/W2062547796","https://openalex.org/W2062789987","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2094386380","https://openalex.org/W2095338519","https://openalex.org/W2106958571","https://openalex.org/W2118338381","https://openalex.org/W2118769530","https://openalex.org/W2123866795","https://openalex.org/W2188462125","https://openalex.org/W2224465432","https://openalex.org/W2246786582","https://openalex.org/W2410423761","https://openalex.org/W2557482813","https://openalex.org/W2748022584","https://openalex.org/W2792935914","https://openalex.org/W2883113072","https://openalex.org/W2942183827","https://openalex.org/W2992481041","https://openalex.org/W3134053731","https://openalex.org/W4205327251","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4293859110","https://openalex.org/W4299846046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7019273818","https://openalex.org/W2188462125","https://openalex.org/W3125681755","https://openalex.org/W1016593409","https://openalex.org/W2595739366","https://openalex.org/W2008397521","https://openalex.org/W2933232331","https://openalex.org/W7155844053","https://openalex.org/W2809986748","https://openalex.org/W7159909140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,49,70],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,8,98],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,53],"the":[6,25,57,76,88,94,112,117,121],"segmentation":[7,128],"women\u2019s":[9,42],"football":[10,44],"spectators":[11],"based":[12,65],"on":[13,66,87,134],"their":[14],"hierarchical":[15],"involvement.":[16],"Furthermore,":[17],"distinct":[18,60],"consumer":[19,61],"profiles":[20],"were":[21,37,68],"derived":[22],"by":[23,115],"enriching":[24],"segments":[26],"with":[27,102],"socio-economic,":[28],"behavioural,":[29],"and":[30,105],"psychological":[31,50,78,122],"variables.":[32],"Using":[33],"a":[34,40,127],"survey,":[35],"data":[36],"collected":[38],"during":[39],"German":[41],"national":[43],"match":[45],"(n":[46],"=":[47],"693).":[48],"continuum":[51,123],"model":[52,124],"employed":[54],"to":[55,111],"segment":[56],"spectators.":[58],"Four":[59],"profiles,":[62],"hierarchically":[63],"aligned":[64],"involvement,":[67,99],"created.":[69],"results":[71],"indicated":[72],"an":[73],"increase":[74],"in":[75],"consumer\u2019s":[77],"connectedness":[79],"while":[80],"showing":[81],"more":[82],"robust":[83],"behavioural":[84],"patterns":[85],"dependent":[86],"involvement":[89],"stages.":[90],"Practitioners":[91],"should":[92],"acknowledge":[93],"four":[95],"different":[96,103],"stages":[97],"which":[100],"align":[101],"ages":[104],"income":[106],"levels.":[107],"This":[108],"research":[109,119],"contributed":[110],"existing":[113],"literature":[114],"supplementing":[116],"scant":[118],"using":[120],"(PCM)":[125],"as":[126],"tool":[129],"over":[130],"traditional":[131],"cluster":[132],"analysis":[133],"passive":[135],"sport":[136],"consumption.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}