{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215086753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111606","title":"The Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Education Program on Brain Waves and the Autonomic Nervous System in University Students","display_name":"The Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Education Program on Brain Waves and the Autonomic Nervous System in University Students","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215086753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111606","mag":"3215086753","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34828651","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8625257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare9111606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111606","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/11/1606/pdf?version=1637666830","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/11/1606/pdf?version=1637666830","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045179032","display_name":"Mijung Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-3552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-3552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148722","display_name":"Kwangju Women's University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xz43j90","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148722"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mijung Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Kwangju Women\u2019s University, Gwangju 62396, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-3552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Kwangju Women\u2019s University, Gwangju 62396, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mikyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-659X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-659X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148722","display_name":"Kwangju Women's University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xz43j90","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148722"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mikyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Kwangju Women\u2019s University, Gwangju 62396, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-659X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Kwangju Women\u2019s University, Gwangju 62396, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148722"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1728},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1728},"fwci":1.6624,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83000861,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"11","first_page":"1606","last_page":"1606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10708","display_name":"Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10708","display_name":"Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14085","display_name":"Student Stress and Coping","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mindfulness","display_name":"mindfulness","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-oscillations","display_name":"neural oscillations","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomic-nervous-system","display_name":"autonomic nervous system","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"heart rate variability","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-oscillations","display_name":"alpha oscillations","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theta-oscillations","display_name":"theta oscillations","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-oscillations","display_name":"beta oscillations","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-well-being","display_name":"psychological well-being","score":0.9290000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780444219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q341045","display_name":"Mindfulness","level":2,"score":0.8195859789848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777372248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171064","display_name":"Autonomic nervous system","level":4,"score":0.6862965226173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986798296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60442","display_name":"Brain waves","level":3,"score":0.5641817450523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5453086495399475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4888607859611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4443076252937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35190245509147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3015006184577942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.22989192605018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18851998448371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.11738121509552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare9111606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111606","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/11/1606/pdf?version=1637666830","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34828651","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34828651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8625257","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8625257/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d28514dfc84246f6915864c342de37ba","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d28514dfc84246f6915864c342de37ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare, Vol 9, Iss 1606, p 1606 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare9111606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111606","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/11/1606/pdf?version=1637666830","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321265","display_name":"Kwangju Women`s University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xz43j90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215086753.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215086753.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1264889757","https://openalex.org/W1487610706","https://openalex.org/W1488410966","https://openalex.org/W1536629073","https://openalex.org/W1594278800","https://openalex.org/W1800216240","https://openalex.org/W1959119377","https://openalex.org/W1966768055","https://openalex.org/W1990351428","https://openalex.org/W1998489562","https://openalex.org/W2000596058","https://openalex.org/W2012835938","https://openalex.org/W2029247264","https://openalex.org/W2036568035","https://openalex.org/W2043029557","https://openalex.org/W2063078923","https://openalex.org/W2089501953","https://openalex.org/W2095408687","https://openalex.org/W2095626684","https://openalex.org/W2101885825","https://openalex.org/W2101890738","https://openalex.org/W2104598495","https://openalex.org/W2110561947","https://openalex.org/W2116710757","https://openalex.org/W2120474831","https://openalex.org/W2124126925","https://openalex.org/W2127110128","https://openalex.org/W2127662631","https://openalex.org/W2131685876","https://openalex.org/W2136429434","https://openalex.org/W2146428413","https://openalex.org/W2155706205","https://openalex.org/W2156353669","https://openalex.org/W2168229022","https://openalex.org/W2169968049","https://openalex.org/W2187636255","https://openalex.org/W2321823876","https://openalex.org/W2411954430","https://openalex.org/W2528483915","https://openalex.org/W2573737346","https://openalex.org/W2615852528","https://openalex.org/W2631183397","https://openalex.org/W2643431068","https://openalex.org/W2736620440","https://openalex.org/W2769303861","https://openalex.org/W2782812536","https://openalex.org/W2903683053","https://openalex.org/W2914861967","https://openalex.org/W2943211011","https://openalex.org/W2962424325","https://openalex.org/W3022582169","https://openalex.org/W3160463478","https://openalex.org/W3193803567","https://openalex.org/W3211149832","https://openalex.org/W4240701713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3025661772","https://openalex.org/W3087025440","https://openalex.org/W4285802285","https://openalex.org/W4390843128","https://openalex.org/W4295180213","https://openalex.org/W4385232105","https://openalex.org/W7127600781","https://openalex.org/W3087350607","https://openalex.org/W7160719837","https://openalex.org/W4212932214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Mindfulness,":[1],"defined":[2],"as":[3,189],"the":[4,12,32,44,86,109,116,123,133,145,149],"awareness":[5],"emerging":[6],"from":[7],"purposefully":[8],"paying":[9],"attention":[10],"to":[11,18,179],"present":[13],"moment,":[14],"has":[15],"been":[16],"shown":[17],"be":[19,187],"effective":[20],"in":[21,49,52,108,132,138,174],"reducing":[22],"stress":[23],"and,":[24],"thus,":[25],"promoting":[26],"psychological":[27],"well-being.":[28],"This":[29,55,184],"study":[30,56,185],"investigated":[31],"effects":[33,147],"of":[34,70,97,105,148,197],"a":[35,58,64,80,171,180,190],"mindfulness-based":[36,71,150,198],"education":[37,151,199],"program":[38,152,161],"on":[39],"mindfulness,":[40],"brain":[41,98,114],"waves,":[42,115],"and":[43,60,84,88,94,100,118,195],"autonomic":[45],"nervous":[46],"system":[47],"(ANS)":[48],"university":[50,154,182,202],"students":[51,78,164],"Korea.":[53],"METHODS:":[54],"is":[57],"quantitative":[59],"experimental":[61],"research":[62],"with":[63],"single-group":[65],"pre-post":[66],"design.":[67],"Six":[68],"sessions":[69],"intervention":[72],"were":[73],"applied.":[74],"In":[75],"total,":[76],"42":[77],"completed":[79,92],"mindfulness":[81,106,172],"questionnaire":[82],"before":[83],"after":[85,111],"intervention,":[87],"28":[89],"among":[90],"them":[91],"pre-intervention":[93],"post-intervention":[95],"measures":[96],"waves":[99,120,125],"ANS.":[101],"RESULTS:":[102],"The":[103,156],"level":[104],"increased":[107],"participants":[110],"intervention.":[112],"Regarding":[113],"alpha":[117],"theta":[119],"increased,":[121],"but":[122,168],"beta":[124],"decreased.":[126],"There":[127],"was":[128],"no":[129,136],"significant":[130],"difference":[131],"ANS,":[134],"presenting":[135],"change":[137],"heart":[139],"rate":[140],"variability.":[141],"CONCLUSIONS:":[142],"We":[143],"identified":[144],"positive":[146],"for":[153,192,201],"students.":[155,203],"findings":[157],"indicate":[158],"that":[159],"this":[160],"may":[162],"help":[163],"not":[165],"only":[166],"relax,":[167],"also":[169],"generate":[170],"state":[173],"stressful":[175],"situations,":[176],"potentially":[177],"leading":[178],"successful":[181],"life.":[183],"can":[186],"used":[188],"basis":[191],"quality":[193],"improvement":[194],"sustainability":[196],"programs":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}