{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215042273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237873","title":"Multichannel Detection of Acoustic Emissions and Localization of the Source with External and Internal Sensors for Partial Discharge Monitoring of Power Transformers","display_name":"Multichannel Detection of Acoustic Emissions and Localization of the Source with External and Internal Sensors for Partial Discharge Monitoring of Power Transformers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215042273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237873","mag":"3215042273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14237873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237873","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7873/pdf?version=1637909131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7873/pdf?version=1637909131","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051224006","display_name":"Iago B\u00faa-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-8045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-8045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iago B\u00faa-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, E-28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, E-28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057900880","display_name":"Julio E. Posada-Rom\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-7907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-7907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julio E. Posada-Rom\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, E-28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-7907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, E-28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010991587","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 A. Garc\u00eda-Souto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9839-2898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9839-2898"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 A. Garc\u00eda-Souto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, E-28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9839-2898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, E-28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010991587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":0.5139,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5528115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"23","first_page":"7873","last_page":"7873"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.4106000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.4106000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.1736000031232834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.12319999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-emission-monitoring","display_name":"acoustic emission monitoring","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-discharge-monitoring","display_name":"partial discharge monitoring","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-transformers","display_name":"power transformers","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-source-localization","display_name":"acoustic source localization","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrival-time","display_name":"time of arrival","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-propagation","display_name":"error propagation","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-error","display_name":"delay error","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensors","display_name":"fiber optic sensors","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensors","display_name":"ultrasonic sensors","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multichannel-detection","display_name":"multichannel detection","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-instrumentation","display_name":"virtual instrument","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-condition-monitoring","display_name":"remote condition monitoring","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5749204158782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130143024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929972","display_name":"Partial discharge","level":3,"score":0.5539959073066711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174598085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746673","display_name":"Acoustic emission","level":2,"score":0.5336537957191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5293180346488953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5105553865432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93240960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217270","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","level":3,"score":0.4617469608783722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4475265443325043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.44631725549697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.42529240250587463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26877158880233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2628490626811981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.256716251373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2285766303539276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204723758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882459","display_name":"Acoustic wave","level":2,"score":0.15923717617988586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14237873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237873","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7873/pdf?version=1637909131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:23:p:7873-:d:686628","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7873/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16ac9671d7d54e6988d0c7e5e21de7b6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16ac9671d7d54e6988d0c7e5e21de7b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 14, Iss 23, p 7873 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-archivo.uc3m.es:10016/34787","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/34787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400817","display_name":"e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","host_organization_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14237873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237873","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7873/pdf?version=1637909131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4641999900341034,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7229504007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DPI 2009-14628-C03-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8350693201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EPUC3M26","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323770","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215042273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215042273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500527931","https://openalex.org/W1931803241","https://openalex.org/W1965107250","https://openalex.org/W1968106924","https://openalex.org/W1968421021","https://openalex.org/W2003178700","https://openalex.org/W2007170561","https://openalex.org/W2023088474","https://openalex.org/W2032447618","https://openalex.org/W2049984535","https://openalex.org/W2050527037","https://openalex.org/W2064882945","https://openalex.org/W2121355024","https://openalex.org/W2134682460","https://openalex.org/W2136405044","https://openalex.org/W2140417752","https://openalex.org/W2140785014","https://openalex.org/W2151706495","https://openalex.org/W2159993142","https://openalex.org/W2172031339","https://openalex.org/W2208016695","https://openalex.org/W2542533418","https://openalex.org/W2767497041","https://openalex.org/W2790259478","https://openalex.org/W2794907702","https://openalex.org/W2899360869","https://openalex.org/W2951057917","https://openalex.org/W3016216629","https://openalex.org/W4206704946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049984535","https://openalex.org/W2790259478","https://openalex.org/W2088370862","https://openalex.org/W2140785014","https://openalex.org/W2901384873","https://openalex.org/W4309929524","https://openalex.org/W4285287079","https://openalex.org/W3201909585","https://openalex.org/W1968106924","https://openalex.org/W2023088474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28,69,148,200],"detection":[1,102,116,249],"of":[2,11,35,55,71,84,87,101,120,132,209,217,244,259,277,282],"acoustic":[3,73,122],"emissions":[4],"with":[5,193,255,279],"multiple":[6,121],"channels":[7,123],"and":[8,17,48,57,103,117,124,137,167,174,178,188,197,213],"different":[9,41],"kinds":[10],"sensors":[12,16],"(external":[13],"ultrasound":[14],"electronic":[15],"internal":[18,247],"optical":[19],"fiber":[20],"sensors)":[21],"for":[22,43,64,113,129,233],"monitoring":[23,173],"power":[24],"transformers":[25],"is":[26,95,106,153,191,261],"presented.":[27],"source":[29,75,196,227],"localization":[30,134,198,228],"based":[31],"on":[32],"the":[33,45,49,66,72,82,85,114,130,133,181,225,242,251,265,274],"times":[34,86],"arrival":[36,88],"was":[37,62],"previously":[38],"studied,":[39],"comparing":[40],"strategies":[42],"solving":[44],"location":[46,76,253],"equations":[47],"most":[50,266],"efficient":[51],"strategy":[52],"in":[53,145,221,224,288],"terms":[54],"computational":[56],"complexity":[58],"costs":[59],"versus":[60],"performance":[61],"selected":[63],"analyzing":[65],"error":[67,189,195,204,254,258],"propagation.":[68],"errors":[70,83,185,236],"emission":[74],"(localization":[77],"process)":[78],"are":[79,186],"evaluated":[80],"from":[81],"(detection":[89],"process).":[90],"A":[91],"hybrid":[92],"programming":[93,127],"architecture":[94],"proposed":[96],"to":[97,238],"optimize":[98],"both":[99,151,222],"stages":[100],"location.":[104],"It":[105],"formed":[107],"by":[108,155],"a":[109,156,171,175,214,245,256,280],"virtual":[110],"instrumentation":[111],"system":[112,128],"acquisition,":[115],"noise":[118],"reduction":[119],"an":[125,207],"algorithms-oriented":[126],"implementation":[131],"techniques":[135],"(back-propagation":[136],"multiple-source":[138],"separation":[139],"algorithms":[140],"could":[141],"also":[142],"be":[143],"implemented":[144],"this":[146,194],"system).":[147],"communication":[149],"between":[150],"systems":[152],"performed":[154],"packet":[157],"transfer":[158],"protocol":[159],"that":[160],"allows":[161],"continuous":[162],"operation":[163,169],"(e.g.,":[164,170],"on-line":[165],"monitoring)":[166],"remote":[168,176],"local":[172],"analysis":[177],"diagnosis).":[179],"For":[180],"first":[182],"time,":[183],"delay":[184,203,257],"modeled":[187],"propagation":[190,205],"applied":[192],"algorithms.":[199],"1%":[201,285],"mean":[202],"gives":[206],"accuracy":[208],"9.5":[210],"mm":[211,219,287],"(dispersion)":[212],"maximum":[215],"offset":[216],"4":[218],"(<1%":[220],"cases)":[223],"AE":[226],"process.":[229],"This":[230],"increases":[231],"proportionally":[232],"more":[234],"severe":[235],"(up":[237],"5%":[239],"reported).":[240],"In":[241],"case":[243],"multi-channel":[246],"fiber-optic":[248],"system,":[250],"resulting":[252],"2%":[260],"negligible":[262],"when":[263],"selecting":[264],"repeated":[267],"calculated":[268],"position.":[269],"These":[270],"aim":[271],"at":[272],"determining":[273],"PD":[275],"area":[276],"activity":[278],"precision":[281],"better":[283],"than":[284],"(<10":[286],"110":[289],"cm).":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}
