{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214566895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","title":"Muscle Contributions to Pre-Swing Biomechanical Tasks Influence Swing Leg Mechanics in Individuals Post-Stroke during Walking","display_name":"Muscle Contributions to Pre-Swing Biomechanical Tasks Influence Swing Leg Mechanics in Individuals Post-Stroke during Walking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214566895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","mag":"3214566895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1040994/v1.pdf?c=1636495282000","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1040994/v1.pdf?c=1636495282000","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038541029","display_name":"Lydia G. Brough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-6245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-6245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lydia G. Brough","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017840420","display_name":"Steven A. Kautz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3151-8235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3151-8235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven A. Kautz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of South Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074403995","display_name":"Richard R. Neptune","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-004X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-004X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Neptune","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-004X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074403995"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"gait","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-flexion","display_name":"knee flexion","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiff-knee-gait","display_name":"stiff-knee gait","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-contribution","display_name":"muscle contribution","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plantar-flexors","display_name":"plantar flexors","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vasti","display_name":"Vasti","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectus-femoris","display_name":"rectus femoris","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iliopsoas","display_name":"iliopsoas","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-dynamics-simulation","display_name":"forward dynamics simulation","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musculoskeletal-modeling","display_name":"musculoskeletal modeling","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paretic-leg","display_name":"paretic leg","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-rehabilitation","display_name":"gait rehabilitation","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65655974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14867674","display_name":"Swing","level":2,"score":0.9219475984573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6874334812164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.5467012524604797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44434672594070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29653871059417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22594907879829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17228808999061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10817241668701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.057929158210754395}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1040994/v1.pdf?c=1636495282000","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040994/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1040994/v1.pdf?c=1636495282000","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G407164498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P20 HD109040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7159914546","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1I01RX001935","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3214566895.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3214566895.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965467729","https://openalex.org/W1966537215","https://openalex.org/W1976230647","https://openalex.org/W1989734657","https://openalex.org/W1991475700","https://openalex.org/W2000489358","https://openalex.org/W2001459300","https://openalex.org/W2005510361","https://openalex.org/W2007713403","https://openalex.org/W2020172310","https://openalex.org/W2038407591","https://openalex.org/W2039655454","https://openalex.org/W2044967695","https://openalex.org/W2054857883","https://openalex.org/W2061458852","https://openalex.org/W2086689213","https://openalex.org/W2106194774","https://openalex.org/W2109180208","https://openalex.org/W2111960226","https://openalex.org/W2115455197","https://openalex.org/W2130281033","https://openalex.org/W2132267483","https://openalex.org/W2133305411","https://openalex.org/W2150930153","https://openalex.org/W2166500074","https://openalex.org/W2167012590","https://openalex.org/W2898552771","https://openalex.org/W2967788640","https://openalex.org/W2991533174","https://openalex.org/W4211191293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6902179252","https://openalex.org/W4411104471","https://openalex.org/W2120675619","https://openalex.org/W2751918931","https://openalex.org/W2991533174","https://openalex.org/W7171922956","https://openalex.org/W4410523734","https://openalex.org/W6889677533","https://openalex.org/W2090435056","https://openalex.org/W2089577279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Successful":[2],"walking":[3],"requires":[4],"the":[5,8,107,209,221,228,234,242,259,289,307,323,326,330],"execution":[6],"of":[7,12,55,63,134,262,325,336],"pre-swing":[9,73,183,204,220,246,311],"biomechanical":[10],"tasks":[11],"body":[13],"propulsion":[14,45,115,142,164,169,263,337],"and":[15,46,68,74,87,97,114,117,128,143,192,227,279,329,338],"leg":[16,47,65,129,154,244,309],"swing":[17,30,48,66,130],"initiation,":[18],"which":[19],"are":[20],"often":[21,32],"impaired":[22],"post-stroke.":[23],"While":[24],"excess":[25],"rectus":[26,190,222,290],"femoris":[27,191,223,291],"activity":[28],"during":[29,219,253],"is":[31,292],"associated":[33],"with":[34,215,315],"low":[35,216,269],"knee":[36,69,79,111,124,186,200,217,251,298,317,339],"flexion,":[37,112,218],"previous":[38],"work":[39,239],"has":[40],"suggested":[41],"that":[42,288],"deficits":[43,71,341],"in":[44,72,81,126,182,203,245,265,300,310,312],"initiation":[49,67],"may":[50],"also":[51,286],"contribute.":[52],"The":[53,189,284],"purpose":[54],"this":[56],"study":[57],"was":[58,247],"to":[59,77,105,121,141,149,156,163,167,180,198,206,233,250,272,277,297,332,342],"determine":[60],"underlying":[61],"causes":[62,261,335],"propulsion,":[64,123,273],"flexion":[70,125,187,201,252,299,340],"their":[75,152,157],"link":[76],"stiff":[78,316],"gait":[80],"stroke":[82],"survivors.":[83],"Methods":[84],"Musculoskeletal":[85],"models":[86],"forward":[88],"dynamic":[89],"simulations":[90],"were":[91,103,165,175],"developed":[92],"for":[93,212],"individuals":[94,135,214,266,314],"post-stroke":[95,136,327],"(n=15)":[96],"neurotypical":[98],"participants":[99],"(n=5).":[100],"Linear":[101],"regressions":[102],"used":[104],"evaluate":[106],"relationships":[108],"between":[109],"peak":[110],"braking":[113,150,181,278],"symmetry,":[116],"individual":[118,334],"muscle":[119],"contributions":[120,140,148,162,174,179,207,271,276],"braking,":[122],"pre-swing,":[127,301],"initiation.":[131],"Results":[132],"27%":[133],"had":[137,145],"higher":[138,146],"plantarflexor":[139,270],"47%":[144],"vasti":[147,178,275],"on":[151,241,281],"paretic":[153,168,235,243,308],"relative":[155],"nonparetic":[158],"leg.":[159,236],"Higher":[160,177],"gastrocnemius":[161],"correlated":[166,249],"symmetry":[170],"(p=0.005)":[171],"while":[172],"soleus":[173],"not.":[176],"predicted":[184],"lower":[185,199],"(p=0.022).":[188],"iliopsoas":[193,229],"did":[194],"not":[195,248,293],"directly":[196],"contribute":[197],"acceleration":[202],"compared":[205],"from":[208,306],"vasti.":[210],"However,":[211],"some":[213,313],"absorbed":[224],"more":[225,304],"power":[226,232,305],"contributed":[230],"less":[231],"Total":[237],"muscle-tendon":[238],"done":[240],"swing.":[254],"Conclusions":[255],"These":[256,319],"results":[257,285,320],"emphasize":[258],"multiple":[260],"asymmetry":[264],"post-stroke,":[267],"including":[268],"increased":[274],"reliance":[280],"compensatory":[282],"mechanisms.":[283],"show":[287],"a":[294],"major":[295],"contributor":[296],"but":[302],"absorbs":[303],"gait.":[318],"further":[321],"highlight":[322],"heterogeneity":[324],"population":[328],"need":[331],"identify":[333],"improve":[343],"rehabilitation":[344],"outcomes.":[345]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2021-11-22T00:00:00"}
