{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214514478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2021.1998285","title":"Does forced-shift to online learning affect university brand image in South Korea? Role of perceived harm and international students\u2019 learning engagement","display_name":"Does forced-shift to online learning affect university brand image in South Korea? Role of perceived harm and international students\u2019 learning engagement","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214514478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2021.1998285","mag":"3214514478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08841241.2021.1998285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2021.1998285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2021.1998285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40814766","display_name":"Journal of Marketing for HIGHER EDUCATION","issn_l":"0884-1241","issn":["0884-1241","1540-7144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marketing for Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006708779","display_name":"Umer Zaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3729-3543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3729-3543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85389745","display_name":"Woosong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02srty072","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umer Zaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woosong University","Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woosong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018445603","display_name":"Murat Aktan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-7796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-7796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79946792","display_name":"Mu\u011fla University","ror":"https://ror.org/05n2cz176","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79946792"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Aktan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mugla Sitki Kocman University","Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Republic of Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mugla Sitki Kocman University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79946792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Republic of Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79946792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087347212","display_name":"Hasnan Baber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-3501","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-3501"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85389745","display_name":"Woosong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02srty072","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hasnan Baber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woosong University","Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-3501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woosong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115600444","display_name":"Shahid Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9859-8116","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9859-8116"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamia University Bahawalpur (IUB)","Department of Management Sciences, Islamia University Bahawalpur (IUB), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamia University Bahawalpur (IUB)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Sciences, Islamia University Bahawalpur (IUB), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087347212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93378205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"390","last_page":"414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12738","display_name":"Corporate Identity and Reputation","score":0.4887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12738","display_name":"Corporate Identity and Reputation","score":0.4887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13084","display_name":"Education during COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.3082999885082245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10145","display_name":"Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification","score":0.07750000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-image","display_name":"university image","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-harm","display_name":"perceived harm","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-students","display_name":"international students","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderating-effect","display_name":"moderating effect","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-korea","display_name":"South Korea","score":0.8339999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7006934285163879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5667937994003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5533709526062012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.5371357202529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.4722706079483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.456357479095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4355228543281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152455256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900597","display_name":"Brand awareness","level":2,"score":0.41387176513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.38241371512413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3461690843105316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3361697196960449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3339686989784241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21062323451042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.19932258129119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11322805285453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08841241.2021.1998285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2021.1998285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2021.1998285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40814766","display_name":"Journal of Marketing for HIGHER EDUCATION","issn_l":"0884-1241","issn":["0884-1241","1540-7144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marketing for Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:jmkthe:v:34:y:2024:i:1:p:390-414","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/08841241.2021.1998285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164483183","https://openalex.org/W569544815","https://openalex.org/W1647867314","https://openalex.org/W1665332082","https://openalex.org/W1955826078","https://openalex.org/W1967514648","https://openalex.org/W1972114355","https://openalex.org/W1982188175","https://openalex.org/W1984045333","https://openalex.org/W2004268077","https://openalex.org/W2004561367","https://openalex.org/W2005833360","https://openalex.org/W2010262563","https://openalex.org/W2010587115","https://openalex.org/W2015865451","https://openalex.org/W2024442924","https://openalex.org/W2030222302","https://openalex.org/W2033953221","https://openalex.org/W2036482572","https://openalex.org/W2052734753","https://openalex.org/W2062315230","https://openalex.org/W2071038278","https://openalex.org/W2089206393","https://openalex.org/W2095121636","https://openalex.org/W2118338381","https://openalex.org/W2127906969","https://openalex.org/W2131568786","https://openalex.org/W2145199772","https://openalex.org/W2150246574","https://openalex.org/W2174586656","https://openalex.org/W2204779807","https://openalex.org/W2266639535","https://openalex.org/W2275078991","https://openalex.org/W2344763662","https://openalex.org/W2482300208","https://openalex.org/W2517684161","https://openalex.org/W2565423898","https://openalex.org/W2571236129","https://openalex.org/W2736353261","https://openalex.org/W2766557578","https://openalex.org/W2795365224","https://openalex.org/W2809116896","https://openalex.org/W2896120701","https://openalex.org/W2897623015","https://openalex.org/W2907756160","https://openalex.org/W2909954767","https://openalex.org/W2919215537","https://openalex.org/W2920979126","https://openalex.org/W2932294325","https://openalex.org/W2942634060","https://openalex.org/W2944445355","https://openalex.org/W2949842070","https://openalex.org/W2952092890","https://openalex.org/W2971487931","https://openalex.org/W2981005297","https://openalex.org/W2982991427","https://openalex.org/W2988633782","https://openalex.org/W2999111062","https://openalex.org/W3000845911","https://openalex.org/W3006659024","https://openalex.org/W3007743567","https://openalex.org/W3009208508","https://openalex.org/W3010682937","https://openalex.org/W3012809680","https://openalex.org/W3012916185","https://openalex.org/W3013355453","https://openalex.org/W3014723334","https://openalex.org/W3015107971","https://openalex.org/W3015372994","https://openalex.org/W3015417836","https://openalex.org/W3015830088","https://openalex.org/W3021889748","https://openalex.org/W3024522050","https://openalex.org/W3024583073","https://openalex.org/W3025024441","https://openalex.org/W3025719729","https://openalex.org/W3034258850","https://openalex.org/W3034939839","https://openalex.org/W3035855438","https://openalex.org/W3037263423","https://openalex.org/W3037519973","https://openalex.org/W3037521997","https://openalex.org/W3081802344","https://openalex.org/W3083830235","https://openalex.org/W3086066649","https://openalex.org/W3086421641","https://openalex.org/W3114377160","https://openalex.org/W3117401240","https://openalex.org/W3122175796","https://openalex.org/W3124345200","https://openalex.org/W3153839422","https://openalex.org/W3154556092","https://openalex.org/W3168928098","https://openalex.org/W4205739417","https://openalex.org/W4235626574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386480286","https://openalex.org/W3142515098","https://openalex.org/W4362509868","https://openalex.org/W3086066649","https://openalex.org/W4289524525","https://openalex.org/W3092851169","https://openalex.org/W3137425944","https://openalex.org/W3127646362","https://openalex.org/W4281488544","https://openalex.org/W4308599541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"University":[0],"brand":[1,7,67,151],"marketing":[2,149],"leaders":[3],"are":[4],"reimagining":[5],"their":[6],"response":[8],"to":[9,17,22,44,50,137,161,164],"the":[10,23,27,37,41,46,81,94,118],"global":[11],"crisis,":[12],"as":[13],"COVID-19":[14,64],"pandemic":[15],"continues":[16],"raise":[18],"fears,":[19],"especially":[20],"due":[21],"recent":[24],"spike":[25],"of":[26,48,63,77,98,148],"\u2018delta":[28],"variant\u2019":[29],"outbreaks.":[30],"Addressing":[31],"this":[32,129],"serious":[33],"and":[34,59,102,111,115,126,132,140,157],"immediate":[35],"concern,":[36],"present":[38],"study":[39,130,143],"made":[40],"initial":[42],"attempt":[43],"investigate":[45],"effects":[47,97],"forced-shift":[49],"online":[51],"learning":[52,56,168],"(FSOL),":[53],"international":[54,79],"students\u2019":[55],"engagement":[57],"(ISLE)":[58],"perceived":[60],"harm":[61],"(PHRM)":[62],"on":[65,74,93,100],"university":[66,150,154],"image":[68],"(UBI)":[69],"in":[70],"South":[71],"Korea.":[72],"Drawing":[73],"survey":[75],"data":[76],"245":[78],"students,":[80],"partial":[82],"least":[83],"squares":[84],"structural":[85],"equation":[86],"modeling":[87],"(PLS-SEM)":[88],"technique":[89],"provided":[90],"empirical":[91],"evidence":[92],"significant":[95],"positive":[96],"FSOL":[99,114,125,139],"ISLE":[101,122],"UBI.":[103,127],"The":[104,142],"findings":[105,144],"also":[106],"confirmed":[107],"that":[108,121],"PHRM":[109],"significantly":[110],"positively":[112],"moderates":[113],"ISLE,":[116],"whereas":[117],"results":[119],"supported":[120],"partially":[123],"mediates":[124],"Finally,":[128],"developed":[131],"validated":[133],"two":[134],"new":[135],"scales":[136],"measure":[138],"PHRM.":[141],"signal":[145],"innovative":[146],"ways":[147],"image,":[152],"while":[153],"leaders,":[155],"faculties":[156],"students":[158],"eagerly":[159],"wait":[160],"switch":[162],"back":[163],"a":[165],"safer":[166],"offline":[167],"environment.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-11-22T00:00:00"}