{"id":"https://openalex.org/W321411084","doi":null,"title":"The Argument against Technology-Neutral Surveillance Laws","display_name":"The Argument against Technology-Neutral Surveillance Laws","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W321411084","mag":"321411084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:321411084","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2092291421/the-argument-against-technology-neutral-surveillance","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105204244","display_name":"Texas law review","issn_l":"0040-4411","issn":["0040-4411","1942-857X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383849094","host_organization_name":"Texas Law Review Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383849094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Texas Law Review Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Texas law review","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009611985","display_name":"Paul Ohm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Ohm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009611985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92972744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":"7","first_page":"1685","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.8306000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.8306000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.09030000120401382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.042399998754262924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surveillance-law","display_name":"surveillance law","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-intelligence-surveillance-act","display_name":"Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usa-patriot-act","display_name":"USA PATRIOT Act","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-oversight","display_name":"legislative oversight","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-secrecy","display_name":"executive secrecy","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security-policy","display_name":"national security policy","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congressional-executive-relations","display_name":"congressional-executive relations","score":0.5640000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9049677","display_name":"Neutrality","level":2,"score":0.8975307941436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.7225174903869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.6098820567131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4930746257305145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4809276759624481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.41369202733039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3928624093532562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38406917452812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:321411084","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2092291421/the-argument-against-technology-neutral-surveillance","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105204244","display_name":"Texas law review","issn_l":"0040-4411","issn":["0040-4411","1942-857X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383849094","host_organization_name":"Texas Law Review Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383849094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Texas Law Review Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Texas law review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405241337","https://openalex.org/W4403392244","https://openalex.org/W2026583512","https://openalex.org/W1533245361","https://openalex.org/W58125279","https://openalex.org/W2338094486","https://openalex.org/W2231454315","https://openalex.org/W7220117081","https://openalex.org/W2618072067","https://openalex.org/W1942265992"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Should":[1],"Congress":[2,180,199,355,387],"write":[3],"tech-specific":[4,186,367,428,532],"or":[5,26,37],"tech-neutral":[6,190],"laws?":[7],"Those":[8,41],"who":[9,42],"have":[10,14,129,143,474],"considered":[11],"this":[12,237,522],"question":[13],"almost":[15],"always":[16],"chosen":[17],"neutrality:":[18],"laws":[19,148,188,272,430,533],"should":[20,234,329],"refer":[21],"to":[22,33,61,103,134,202,257,306,348,384,414,508,525,537,552,557,563],"the":[23,49,74,83,101,107,135,145,162,170,195,203,217,224,227,240,251,308,315,319,325,345,349,358,376,381,398,415,445,453,467,479,485,497,505,514,527,545,549,554,561],"effects,":[24],"functions,":[25],"general":[27],"characteristics":[28],"of":[29,39,82,109,137,147,164,174,244,310,351,361,401,417,449,478,484],"technology,":[30],"but":[31,113,443],"never":[32],"a":[34,64,79,268,335,342,366,433],"particular":[35],"type":[36],"class":[38],"technology.1":[40],"espouse":[43],"tech":[44,56,86,97,138,245,262,322,332,352,362,501,517,542],"neutrality":[45,57,87,98,139,146,201,246,263,323,333,353,502],"come":[46],"from":[47,357],"across":[48],"political":[50],"and":[51,54,106,117,119,152,172,206,208,215,287,337,426,459,463,482,513],"ideological":[52],"spectrum":[53],"embrace":[55],"dogmatically,":[58],"often":[59,168,273],"referring":[60],"it":[62,222,255,340],"as":[63,334,341,432],"principle,":[65],"one":[66,371],"presumably":[67],"violated":[68],"only":[69],"in":[70,120,242,250,318,324,391,403,456,470,491,495],"exceptional":[71],"circumstances":[72,446],"for":[73,192,226,321,500,516],"most":[75],"compelling":[76],"reasons.2":[77],"But":[78],"close":[80,159],"examination":[81],"arguments":[84,95,241,320,499,510],"supporting":[85,261],"reveals":[88],"many":[89,121,359],"underappreciated":[90,506],"flaws.":[91],"At":[92],"least":[93],"three":[94,492],"support":[96],"-":[99,112,548],"consistency,":[100,275],"need":[102,556],"avoid":[104,282,476],"underinclusiveness,":[105],"recognition":[108],"institutional":[110,292],"shortcomings":[111,293],"each":[114],"is":[115,279,544],"contingent":[116],"rebuttable,":[118],"situations":[122],"does":[123],"not":[124,437],"apply.":[125],"While":[126],"other":[127],"scholars":[128],"called":[130],"Congress's":[131,290],"blind":[132,346],"adherence":[133,347],"principle":[136,336,350],"into":[140],"question,3":[141],"none":[142],"explored":[144],"regulating":[149],"government":[150],"search":[151],"surveillance.":[153,419],"This":[154,488],"rich,":[155],"important":[156],"context":[157],"bears":[158],"scrutiny":[160],"because":[161,239,421],"path":[163],"surveillance":[165,187,252,309,326,368,429,458,480],"law":[166],"so":[167,424],"follows":[169],"twists":[171],"turns":[173],"evolving":[175],"technology.4":[176],"Moreover,":[177],"since":[178],"9/11,":[179],"has":[181,303],"more":[182,410],"than":[183],"once":[184],"replaced":[185],"with":[189,194,267,386,560],"ones:":[191],"example,":[193],"USA":[196],"PATRIOT":[197],"Act5":[198],"brought":[200],"Pen":[204],"Register":[205,213],"Trap":[207],"Trace":[209],"Devices":[210],"Act6":[211],"(Pen":[212],"Act),":[214],"through":[216],"Protect":[218],"America":[219],"Act7":[220],"(PAA)":[221],"did":[223],"same":[225],"Foreign":[228],"Intelligence":[229],"Surveillance":[230],"Act8":[231],"(FISA).":[232],"We":[233],"worry":[235],"about":[236],"trend":[238],"favor":[243],"are":[247,534],"especially":[248],"misguided":[249],"context.":[253],"When":[254],"comes":[256],"surveillance,":[258,299,379],"every":[259],"argument":[260],"can":[264],"be":[265,538],"met":[266],"powerful":[269],"counterargument:":[270],"Tech-neutral":[271],"force":[274],"even":[276,300,370],"when":[277],"inconsistency":[278],"preferable;":[280],"they":[281,288],"underinclusiveness":[283],"by":[284,294,407],"permitting":[285],"overinclusiveness;":[286],"address":[289],"supposed":[291],"cutting":[295],"Legislative":[296],"oversight":[297,413],"over":[298],"though":[301],"history":[302],"taught":[304],"us":[305],"beware":[307],"an":[311],"unchecked":[312],"Executive.":[313],"Given":[314],"deep":[316],"flaws":[317],"context,":[327],"we":[328],"stop":[330],"treating":[331],"instead":[338],"treat":[339],"choice.":[343],"Finally,":[344],"pushes":[354],"away":[356],"benefits":[360,451],"specificity.":[363],"Most":[364],"importantly,":[365],"law,":[369],"imposing":[372],"few":[373],"constraints":[374],"on":[375,438],"agencies":[377],"conducting":[378],"forces":[380],"Executive":[382],"Branch":[383],"consult":[385],"whenever":[388,444],"technology":[389,422,434],"changes":[390],"significant":[392],"ways,":[393],"which":[394],"might":[395,473],"help":[396],"offset":[397],"troubling":[399],"culture":[400],"secrecy":[402],"national":[404,418,457,460],"security":[405,461,559],"policy":[406],"bringing":[408],"broader,":[409],"participatory":[411],"democratic":[412],"conduct":[416],"Also,":[420],"evolves":[423],"rapidly":[425],"constantly,":[427],"operate":[431],"sunset,":[435],"expiring":[436],"some":[439,477],"arbitrarily":[440],"defined":[441],"timetable,":[442],"demand.":[447],"Both":[448],"these":[450],"increase":[452],"Legislature's":[454],"role":[455],"debates":[462],"restore":[464],"checks":[465],"against":[466],"Executive's":[468],"power":[469],"ways":[471],"that":[472,531],"helped":[475],"abuses":[481],"excesses":[483],"recent":[486],"past.":[487],"Article":[489,523],"proceeds":[490],"Parts,":[493],"offering,":[494],"turn,":[496],"best":[498,550],"(Part":[503,511,519],"I),":[504],"counterarguments":[507],"those":[509],"II),":[512],"case":[515],"specificity":[518,543],"III).":[520],"Ultimately,":[521],"tries":[524],"counter":[526],"pervasively":[528],"held":[529],"attitude":[530],"indefensible":[535],"mistakes":[536],"avoided.":[539],"Quite":[540],"often,":[541],"wiser":[546],"course":[547],"way":[551],"balance":[553],"government's":[555],"provide":[558],"right":[562],"privacy.":[564],"I.":[565],"Tech-Neutral":[566],"Laws":[567],"A.":[568],"\u2026":[569]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
