{"id":"https://openalex.org/W32137644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/814420","title":"Wastewater Triad Project: Final Summary Report","display_name":"Wastewater Triad Project: Final Summary Report","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W32137644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/814420","mag":"32137644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/814420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/814420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/814420","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/814420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/814420","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109295116","display_name":"J.F. Walker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J F Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109295116"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13923","display_name":"Nuclear and radioactivity studies","score":0.86080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13923","display_name":"Nuclear and radioactivity studies","score":0.86080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10973","display_name":"Radioactive element chemistry and processing","score":0.09749999642372131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12506","display_name":"Nuclear materials and radiation effects","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioactive-waste-management","display_name":"nuclear waste management","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underground-storage-tanks","display_name":"underground storage tanks","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tank-waste-remediation","display_name":"tank waste remediation","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transuranic-waste","display_name":"transuranic waste","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cesium-removal","display_name":"cesium removal","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solidification","display_name":"solidification","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-immobilization","display_name":"waste immobilization","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oak-ridge-national-laboratory","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hanford-site","display_name":"Hanford Site","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/savannah-river-site","display_name":"Savannah River Site","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idaho-national-laboratory","display_name":"Idaho National Laboratory","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rcra-compliance","display_name":"RCRA compliance","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-disposal-restrictions","display_name":"land disposal restrictions","score":0.925000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778192726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284526","display_name":"Hanford Site","level":3,"score":0.7594653964042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.7430682182312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779436609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458173","display_name":"Savannah River Site","level":3,"score":0.7118972539901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775907726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714439","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","level":2,"score":0.6903917789459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89690796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185252","display_name":"Radioactive waste","level":2,"score":0.6122378706932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5836782455444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522964758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019586","display_name":"Environmental remediation","level":3,"score":0.5005512237548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95810393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883688","display_name":"Underground storage tank","level":3,"score":0.44094738364219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16629374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756525","display_name":"Storage tank","level":2,"score":0.3607670068740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3470844030380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.25483572483062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2172/814420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/814420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/814420","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/814420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:814420","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/814420","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/814420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc738078","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc738078/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/814420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/814420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/814420","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/814420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W32137644.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W32137644.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W334146215","https://openalex.org/W1493323427","https://openalex.org/W1745330851","https://openalex.org/W1959852185","https://openalex.org/W4250928296","https://openalex.org/W4297616712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170522340","https://openalex.org/W7099223284","https://openalex.org/W27200280","https://openalex.org/W1493323427","https://openalex.org/W234255367","https://openalex.org/W2397568791","https://openalex.org/W1519502038","https://openalex.org/W1607453225","https://openalex.org/W2184316816","https://openalex.org/W128638164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,109],"U.S.":[1],"Department":[2],"of":[3,21,23,86,99,116,120,131,140,151,158,177,184,189,198,208,221,252,326],"Energy":[4],"(DOE)":[5],"facilities":[6],"have":[7,303],"performed":[8],"nuclear":[9],"energy":[10],"research":[11],"and":[12,27,51,55,67,72,126,129,156,187,191,203,250,261,280,286,290,296,319],"radiochemical":[13],"production":[14],"since":[15],"the":[16,43,75,97,106,121,180,185,199,205,209,222,231,275,306],"early":[17],"1940s.":[18],"Currently,":[19],"millions":[20],"gallons":[22],"legacy":[24],"radioactive":[25],"liquid":[26],"sludge":[28],"wastes":[29,266],"are":[30,69],"contained":[31],"in":[32],"over":[33],"300":[34],"large":[35],"underground":[36,87,253],"storage":[37,88,163,254],"tanks,":[38,89,154],"located":[39],"primarily":[40],"at":[41],"Hanford,":[42],"Savannah":[44],"River":[45],"Site":[46],"(SRS),":[47],"Idaho":[48],"National":[49,58],"Engineering":[50],"Environmental":[52,277],"Laboratory":[53,59],"(INEEL),":[54],"Oak":[56],"Ridge":[57],"(ORNL).":[60],"Plans":[61],"for":[62,84,114,136,170,193,219,267],"tank":[63,134,145],"waste":[64,101,123,135,146,149,160,174],"retrieval,":[65],"treatment,":[66,175],"immobilization":[68],"being":[70],"developed":[71,92,311],"implemented":[73,214],"throughout":[74],"DOE":[76,107,307,313,321],"complex":[77],"In":[78],"order":[79],"to":[80,96,144,161,226,234,241,246,323],"meet":[81],"regulatory":[82,272],"requirements":[83],"remediation":[85,115,251],"ORNL":[90,212,229],"has":[91,103,213],"an":[93,243],"integrated":[94,110,142,232],"approach":[95,111,143],"management":[98,147],"its":[100],"that":[102,302],"applications":[104,304],"across":[105,305],"complex.":[108,308],"consolidates":[112],"plans":[113],"inactive":[117],"tanks;":[118,255],"upgrade":[119],"active":[122,162],"collection,":[124],"storage,":[125],"treatment":[127,130,166],"systems;":[128],"transuranic":[132],"(TRU)":[133],"disposal.":[137,194],"Important":[138],"elements":[139],"this":[141],"include":[148],"retrieval":[150],"sludges":[152,190],"from":[153,179],"conditioning":[155],"transport":[157],"retrieved":[159],"tanks":[164],"or":[165],"facilities,":[167],"solid/liquid":[168],"separations":[169],"supernatant":[171,192],"recycle":[172],"and/or":[173],"removal":[176],"cesium":[178],"supernatant,":[181,186],"volume":[182],"reduction":[183],"solidification":[188],"Each":[195],"unit":[196,224],"operation":[197],"flowsheet":[200,245],"is":[201],"interconnected":[202],"impacts":[204],"overall":[206],"efficiency":[207],"entire":[210],"flowsheet.":[211],"innovative":[215],"but":[216],"proven":[217],"technologies":[218,238,301],"each":[220],"major":[223],"operations":[225],"accelerate":[227,248],"clean-up.":[228],"used":[230],"plan":[233],"determine":[235],"where":[236],"developing":[237],"were":[239,310],"required":[240],"create":[242],"optimized":[244],"(1)":[247],"clean-out":[249],"(2)":[256],"provide":[257],"significant":[258],"cost":[259],"avoidance":[260],"schedule":[262],"reductions;":[263],"(3)":[264],"consolidate":[265],"private-sector":[268,317],"immobilization;":[269],"(4)":[270],"facilitate":[271],"compliance":[273],"with":[274,312],"Comprehensive":[276],"Response,":[278],"Compensation,":[279],"Liability":[281],"Act":[282,288],"(CERCLA),":[283],"Resource":[284],"Conservation":[285],"Recovery":[287],"(RCRA),":[289],"Land":[291],"Disposal":[292],"Restrictions":[293],"(LDR)":[294],"regulations;":[295],"(5)":[297],"deploy":[298],"state-of-the":[299],"art":[300],"Partnerships":[309],"technology":[314],"development":[315],"agencies,":[316],"companies,":[318],"other":[320],"sites":[322],"accomplish":[324],"implementation":[325],"these":[327],"technologies.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}